Accusative case (Declension)

Introduction

This lesson deals witht the declension of accusative case. Before we discuss the declension we will give brief account of the use of the Accusative Case (Next lesson deals with the use of the Accusative in detail).

Note: Pay attention to the declension highlighted in pink colour and the other closely related grammatical aspects in orange colour.

In Russian direct object of a transitive verb is used in Accusative case  

Нина читает книгу.

Nina is reading a book.

Нина встречила брата.

Nina met brother.

 

Direction of the verbs of motion (with the prepositions в, на, за, под) is used in Accusative Case.

 

Максим завтра летит в Москву.

Maxim is flying to Moscow tomorrow.

 

Максим идёт на почту.

Maxim is going to the post office

           

Нина положила вазу за стол.

Nina put the flower vase behind the table.

 

Книга упала под стол.

The book fell under the table.           

 

Accusative denotes a period of time during which an action occurs.

 

Каждую неделю Арун ездит в деревню.

Arun goes to village every week.

 

Арун читал книгу весь день.

The whole day Arun read the book.

           

Accusative used to denote distance.

Accusative is used with the verbs of motion to denote a distance.

 

Арун и Нина шли всю дорогу молча.

Arun and Nina walked silently all the way.

 

Accusative used to denote price or weight.

Accusative is used with the verbs стоить (to cost) and весить (to weigh) to denote price or weight.

 

Книга стоит один доллар.

The book costs one dollar.

 

Сумка весит один килограмм.

The bag weighs one kilogramme.

 

Accusative used with prepositions.

Accusative is used with certain prepositions в, на, за, под, про, сквозь, через, по, с, о etc. with different meanings.

                       

Мария приехала в Индию на год.

Maria came to India for an year.

 

Мария придёт через час.

Maria will within an hour.

 

Noun

 

Question words

Question word Что ...? What ...?

Что is the interrogative word when the direct object is a non-living object.

 

Нина читает книгу.

Nina is reading a book.

 

Что читает Нина?

What does Nina read?

 

Question word Кого ...? Whom ...?

Кого is the interrogative word when the direct object is a person or living thing.

 

Нина встречила брата.

Nina met brother.                 

Кого Нина встретила?

Whom did Nina meet?

 

Question word: Куда ...? Where ...?

Куда is the interrogative word when Accusative is used with verbs motion along with the prepositions в, на, за, под to denote direction.

 

Максим завтра летит в Москву.

Maxim is going to the post office

Куда летит Максим завтра?

Where is Maxim flying tomorrow?

 

Максим идёт на почту.

Maxim is going to the post office

Куда идёт Максим? 

Where is Maxim going?

 

Нина положила вазу за стол.

Nina put the flower vase behind the table.

Куда Нина положила вазу?

Where did Nina put the flower vase?

 

Книга упала под стол.

The book fell under the table.           

Куда упала Книга?  

Where did the book fall?

 

Question word: Как часто …? How often …?

Как часто …? is used to denote a period of time during which an action occurs.

           

Каждую неделю Арун ездит в деревню.

Arun goes to village every week.

Как часто Арун ездит в деревню?

How often Arun goes to village?

 

Question word: Сколько времени …?

How long…?

 

Сколько времени …? This phrase is also used to denote a period of time during which an action occurs.

 

Арун читал книгу весь день.

The whole day Arun read the book.

Как долго Арун читал книгу?

How long did Arun read the book?

 

Question word: Как долго…? How long…?

 

Как долго…? is also used to denote a period of time or a distance during which an action occurs.

 

Арун и Нина шли всю дорогу молча.

Arun and Nina walked silently all the way.

Как долго Арун и Нина шли молча?

How long did Arun and Nina walk silently?

 

Question word: Сколько …? How many ... ? or How much...?

Сколько is the interrogative word used when Accusative is used with the verbs стоить (to cost) and весить (to weigh).

 

Книга стоит один доллар.

The book costs one dollar.

Сколько  стоит книга?

How much does the book cost?

 

Сумка весит один килограмм.

The bag weighs one kilogramme.

Сколько  весит сумка?

How much does the bag weigh?

 

Question word: Когда …? When ... ?

Когда is the interrogative word used when Accusative is used with certain  prepositions в, на, через denoting time of action.

           

Максим приехал в понедельник.

Maxim came on Monday.

Когда приехал Максим?

When did Maxim come?

 

Note: Questions can also be framed with  preposition along with appropriate words

 

Мария приехала в Индию на год.

Maria came to India for an year.

На сколько Мария приехала в Индию?

How long did Maria come to India?

Note: Given above are only some important interrogative words and there are some more which will be discussed hereafter

 

Noun    

As you already know, the nouns, pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns and adjectives decline according Gender, Number and Case.

Note: Declension of nouns in Accusative case also depends on whether the noun denotes Animate or Inanimate object.

Note: NOUNS WHICH DO NOT DECLINE IN THE ACCUSATIVE CASE

 

Singular

Inanimate nouns of Masculine and Neuter gender do not decline.

 

Example:

Inanimate Masculine Noun (журнал)

Максим читает журнал.

Maxim is reading a magazine.

 

Inanimate Neuter Noun (письмо)

Максим читает письмо.

Maxim is reading a magazine.

 

The feminine nouns ending in -ь (дверь) also does not decline.

Inanimate Feminine Noun ending in -ь (дверь)

 

Максим открыл дверь.

Maxim opened the door.

 

Inanimate Plural nouns.

Inanimate Plural nouns of all the three genders do not decline.

Note: In short, Singular Feminine Nouns ending in -а, -я and -ия only decline in the Accusative Case.

However hereunder the declension of singular nouns classified into the 11 groups as well as plural nouns are explained so that the learners can femiliarise themselves with the Accusative Case.

Note: In this study material the declension of all the cases are explained according to the classification of nouns into 11 groups based on the ending.

Here the nouns classified into 11 groups are further repeated.

Masculine nouns ending in hard consonant.

 

Singular

Inanimate nouns ending in hard consonant do not decline.

 

журнал                      

magazine                    

 

Нина читает журнал

Nina is reading a magazine.

 

Что читает Нина?

What is Nina reading?

 

Note: Here журнал is used in the accusative case as direct object of the verb читать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

Animate noun ending in hard consonant.

-a is added to the noun

 

артист – артиста

artist

 

инженер – инженера

engineer

 

директор – директора

director

 

Вчера студенты встретили директора

The students met the director yesterday.

 

Кого встретили студенты вчера?

Whom did the students meet yesterday?

Note: Here директор is used in accusative case as директора as the direct object of the verb встретить. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Plural

Inanimate nouns ending in hard consonant.

Inanimate nouns ending in hard consonant do not decline.

 

Нина читает журналы

Nina is reading magazines.

 

Что читает Нина?

What is Nina reading?

Note: Here журнал and журналы are used in accusative case as direct object of the verb читать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Animate noun ending in consonant

In plural nouns ending in consonant take different ending:

Declension of animate noun ending in hard consonant

In the case of animate nouns ending in hard consonant (in singular form) -ов is added as suffix to the singular form of the noun .

 

артист – артисты – артистов

artist    – artists

 

инженер – инженеры – инженеров

engineer  – engineers

 

директор – директора – директоров

director    – directors

 

На вечере студенты встретили артистов.

The students met the artists at the function.

 

Кого встретили студенты на вечере?

Whom did the students meet at the function?

Here директор is used in accusative case as директора as the direct object of the verb встретить. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Suffix -ей is added to the animate nouns with stem ending in soft consonant or sibilant.

врач    – врачи – врачей

doctor – doctors

 

муж     – мужи – мужей

husband           – husbands

 

Больные ждут врачей.

The patients are waiting for the doctors.

 

Кого ждёт больные?

Who are the patients waiting for?

 

Animate Plural Noun ending in -ц in the singular, takes -ов if the ending is stressed and -ев if the ending is unstressed.

бое́ц – бойцы – бойцов

fighting man

 

комсомо́лец – комсомо́льцы – комсомольцев

Young communist league member

 

Люди уважают бойцов.

People respect the fighters.

 

Кого уважают люди?

Whom do the people respect?

 

Here врачи, мужи, боецы are used in accusative case as врачей, мужей, бойцов as the direct object . Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Masculine noun ending in -й

Singular

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -й does not decline.

 

музей museum                       

чай tea                                   

музей museums

 

Туристы смотрят на музей.

The tourists are looking at the museum.

 

На что туристы смотрят?

What are the tourists looking at?

Note: Here the noun музей is used in accusative case along with the preposition на. Thus the interrogative word is На что.            

 

Animate Noun ending in -й

герой hero                                         

попугай parrot          

           

In the case of noun  ending in -й, the -й will be replaced by -я.

герой – героя                            попугай – попугая  

 

Люди всегда вспоминают героя.

People always remember a hero.

Кого люди всегда вспоминают?

Whom do the people always remember?

 

Plural

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -й

Inanimate Masculine Nouns ending in -й do not decline.

 

Туристы посещают музеи.

The tourists visit museums.

 

Что посещают туристы?

What do the tourists visit?

Note:  Here and музеи is used in accusative case as direct object of the verbs посещать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.                     

 

Animate Plural Nouns ending in -й in singular decline as follows:

герой – герои  hero – heroes            

попугай – попугаи parrot – parrot               

 

The nouns ending in -й, takes -ев.

 

герой – герои – героев

попугай – попугаи – попугаев

 

На вечере зрители встретили героев.

The audience met the heroes at the function.

 

Кого зрители встретили на вечере?

Whom did the audience meet at the function?

 

Note:  Here герои is used in accusative case as героев as the direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Охтник стреляет в попугаев.

The hunter shoots at the parrots.

 

В Кого стреляет охтник?

What does the hunter shoot at?

Here попугаи is used in accusative case as попугаев with preposition в along with verb cтрелять which takes question В кого.  Thus the interrogative word is В кого.

 

The noun ending in -ий.

Singular

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -ий

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -ий does not decline.

 

санаторий                 

sanatorium                  

 

Летом мы едем в санаторий.

We are going to a sanatorium in the summer.

 

Куда вы  едете летом?

Where are you going in the summer?

Note:  Here санаторий is used in accusative case along with preposition в and verb of motion ехать. Thus the interrogative word is Куда.

 

Animate Noun with stem ending in -ий

Animate Noun with stem ending in -ий in singular declines as follows:

 

пролетарий proletarian                                 

Василий Vasily

 

In the case of noun ending in -ий the -ий is replaced by -ия

пролетарий – пролетария

 

Василий – Василия

 

Джон вчера встречил Василия.

John met Vasily yesterday.

 

Кого Джон встречил вчера?

Whom did John meet yesterday?

Note: Here Василий is used in accusative case as Василия as the direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Plural

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -ий

Inanimate Masculine Noun ending in -ий does not decline.

 

санаторий - санатории

sanatorium – sanatoriums

 

Летом  люди едят в санаторий.

People are going to sanatoriums in the summer.

 

Куда люди едят летом?

Where are people going in the summer?

 

Animate Plural Noun ending in -ий in singular declines as follows:

пролетарий – пролетарии

proletarian – proletarians

In the case of plural nouns of this category, -ий is replaced by -иев.

 

пролетарий – пролетарии – пролетариев

proletarian – proletarians

 

Ленин хотел освобождать пролетариев.

Lenin wanted to liberate the proletarians.

 

Кого Ленин хотел освобождать?

Whom did Lenin want to liberate?

Note:  Here пролетарии is used in accusative case as пролетариев as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Masculine noun ending in -ь.

Singular

Inanimate Masculine Nouns ending in -ь do not decline.

словарь                                  

dictionary       

 

Вчера Арун купил англо-русский словарь.

Arun bought an English-Russian dictionary yesterday.

 

Что Арун купил вчера?

What did Arun buy yesterday?

Note: Here словарь is used in accusative case as direct object of the verbs купить. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Animate Noun ending in -ь

Animate Nouns ending in -ь in singular decline as follows:

учитель teacher                                 

преподаватель lecturer

In the case of masculine noun ending in -ь, the   -ь is replaced by -я.

учитель – учителя    

teacher

 

преподаватель – преподавателя

lecturer

 

Ученики слушают учителя.

Pupils listen to the teacher.

Кого слушают ученики?

Whom are the pupils listening to?

 

Plural

Inanimate Masculine Plural Nouns ending in -ь

Inanimate Masculine Plural Nouns ending in -ь in singular do not decline.

 

портфель – портфели                       

file            – files

 

Вчера Арун купил портфели.

Arun bought files yesterday.

 

Что Арун купил вчера?

What did Arun buy yesterday?

 

Animate Noun ending in -ь

Animate Noun ending in -ь in singular declines as follows:

In the case of plural nouns with stem ending in soft sign in singular, the soft sign is replaced by -ей

 

учитель – учители – учителей

teacher – teachers       

           

писатель – писатели – писателей

writer – writers

 

Зрители слушают писателей

The audience are listening to the writers.

 

Кого слушают зрители?

Whom are the audience listening to?

Note: Here and писатели is used in accusative case as писателей as direct objects. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Exceptions

друг – друзья́ – друзей                

сын – сыновя́ – сыновей

муж – мужья́ – мужей

брат – братья – братьев

                                                           

дяди / дядья – дядьей/дядьев

Animate masculine nouns ending in -а and -я will decline like feminine noun explained below.

 

мужчина – мужчину                 

young man                                   

мужчины – мужчин young men

 

юноша – юношу young man     

юноши – юнош young men

 

дедушка – дедушку grandfather

дедушки – дедушек grandfathers

 

папа – папу papa                        

папы – пап papas

 

дядя – дядю uncle                         

дяди – дядьей/дядьёв uncles

 

Feminine Noun ending in -а

Singular

Inanimate Nouns

книга book               

улица  street              

река river

 

Animate Nouns

студентка (girl) student                    

актриса actress

 

In the case of both the Inanimate and Animate nouns ending in -а, the -a is replaced by -у          

книга – книгу                       

улица – улицу

река – реку

 

Студентка – студентку; 

актриса – актрису

           

Джон читает книгу.

John is reading a book.

Что Джон читает?

What is John reading?

Note: Here книга is an inanimate noun used in accusative case as книгу as the direct object of the verb читать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Джон встретил эту  актрису в клубе.

John met the actress in the club.

Кого Джон встретил в клубе?

Whom did John meet in the club?

Note: Here animate word актриса used as a direct object in accusative declines as актрису. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Plural

Inanimate Noun (No declension)

книги books              

улицы streets             

реки rivers

 

Джон читает книги.

John is reading books.

Что Джон читает?

What is John reading?

Note: Here книги is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb читать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Animate Noun

студентка – студентки                     

(girl) student - (girl) students 

 

актриса – актрисы    

actress – actresses

In the case of Feminine Animate plural noun ending in -а, the -а is omitted.

Note: If the stem ends with two consonants, then a vowel sound o or e is placed between the consonants for easy pronunciation.

студентка – студентки – студентoк

актриса – актрисы – актрис

     

Зрители любят этих актрис.

The audience loves these actresses.

Кого любят зрители?

Whom does the audience love?

 

Все зрители смотрели на актрис!

The whole audience looked at the actresses!

На Кого все зрители смотрели?

Who did the whole audience look at?

 

In the first example above актрис is used as direct object, whereas in the second example актрис is used in accusative case along with preposition на. Thus there is difference is the use of interrogative word.

Inanimate and Animate nouns ending in -я

Both the Inanimate and Animate nouns ending in -я decline as follows:

 

Singular

Inanimate Noun

песня  song    

деревня village                      

земля land

           

Animate Noun

няня nurse                  

героиня heroine

 

In the case of noun ending in -я, the -я will be replaced by -ю

песня – песню          

деревня – деревню

земля – землю                                                                       

 

Амит сейчас едет в деревню.

Amit is going to village now.

Куда Амит едет сейчас?

Where is Amit going now?

 

Note: Here деревня is used in accusative case as деревню along with preposition ‘в’ and verb of motion ехать. Thus the interrogative word is Куда.

няня – няню               героиня – героиню

 

Они все любят эту героиню.

They all love this heroine.

Кого они все любят?

Whom do all of them love?

Note: Here героиня is used in accusative case as героиню as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого.

 

Plural

Inanimate Plural Noun (No declension)

песни songs                                                   

деревни villages        

земли lands

           

Джон любит песни

John loves songs.

Что любит Джон?

What does John love?

Note: Here песни is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb любить. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Animate Noun of Feminine Gender.

In the case of Animate Plural Feminine noun ending in -я in the singular form, the -я will be replaced by -ь

няня    – няни – нянь/няней                                                

героиня  – героини   – героинь

Note: Certain nouns take the form няней also.

 

Дети любят своих нянь.

Children love their nurses.

Кого любят дети?

Whom do the children love?

Note: Here няни is used in accusative case as нянь as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого

 

Inanimate and Animate Feminine Noun ending in -ия  

Both the Inanimate and Animate Feminine Nouns ending in -ия decline as follows:

 

Singular

Inanimate Noun

аудитория auditorium           

история history                     

химия chemistry

 

Animate Noun.

Мария (Note this is a proper noun)

Mary

In the case of noun ending in -ия, the -ия will be replaced by -ию

 

аудитория – аудиторию

история – историю

химия – химию

             

Служащий убирает аудиторию

The worker is cleaning the auditorium.

 

Что убирает служащий?

What is the worker cleaning?

Note: Here аудитория is used in accusative case as аудиторию as the direct object of the verb убирать. Thus the interrogative word is Что.

 

Арун обычно встречает Марию в университете.

Arun generally meets Mary in the university.

 

Кого Арун обычно встречает в университете?

Whom does Arun generally meet in the university?

 

Note: Here Мария is used in accusative case as Марию as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого.

 

Plural

Inanimate Noun (No declension)

аудитории     

auditoriums    

 

Студенты идут в свои аудитории.

The students are going to their lecture halls.

 

Куда  идут студенты?

Where are the students going?

 

Note: Here аудитории is used in accusative case along with preposition в and verb of motion идти. Thus the interrogative word is Куда    

 

Inanimate and Animate Feminine Noun ending in -ь

Both the Inanimate and Animate Feminine Noun ending in -ь decline as follows:

 

Singular

Inanimate and Animate Noun (No declension)

The noun with stem ending in -ь.

 

дверь door                             

тетрадь notebook      

 

Арун открыл дверь.

Arun opened the door.

 

Что Арун открыл?

What did Arun open?

 

Note: Here дверь is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb открыть. Thus the interrogative word is Что

 

лошадь

horse

 

Нина очень любит лошадь.

Nina likes horse.

Кого любит Нина?

What does Nina love?

 

Note: In the above examples лошадь and is used in accusative as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого. In Russian the question word used to put question to nouns referring to animal is Кого, whereas in English equivalent of Кого is what. (whom is used only for human being).

 

Plural  

Inanimate Noun (No declension)

двери doors               

тетради notebooks

 

Арун открыл двери.

Arun opened the doors.

 

Что Арун открыл?

What did Arun open?

 

Note: Here двери is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb открыть. Thus the interrogative word is Что

 

Animate Noun of feminine noun with stem ending in -ь

In the case of feminine noun with stem ending in -ь, the -ь is replaced by -ей.

лошадь – лошадей

Сегодня мы видели много лошадей в парке.

We saw many horses in the park today.

 

Note: In the above examples лошади is used in accusative case as лошадей as direct object. Thus the interrogative word is Кого.

 

Exceptions:

мать – матери – матерей 

дочь – дочери – дочерей.

 

Neuter gender.

Both the singular and plural neuter nouns do not decline in accusative case.

The noun with stem ending in -о

Singular and plural (No declension)

письмо letter             

окно window             

озеро lake      

 

письма letters            

окна windows                       

озера lakes

                       

Нина читает письмо.

Nina is reading a letter.

Что Нина читает?

What is Nina reading?

 

Нина читает письма.

Nina is reading letters.

Что Нина читает?

What is Nina reading?

 

Here письмо is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb читать. Thus the interrogative word is Что

 

The noun with stem ending in -е

Singular and Plural (No declension)  

поле field                                           

поля fields

 

Утром крестьяне идут в поле.

The farmers go to the filed in the morning.

Куда идут крестьяне утром?

Where are the farmers going in the morning?

 

Note: Here поле is used in accusative case along with preposition в and verb of motion идти. Thus the interrogative word is Куда

 

Крестьяне вспахивают поля.

The farmers are ploughing the fields.

Что Крестьяне вспахивают?

What are the farmers ploughing?

 

Note: Here поля is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb вспахивать. Thus the interrogative word is Что

 

The noun with stem ending in -ие

Singular and Plural (No declension)

собрание meeting                              

собрания meetings

 

Cтуденты идут на собрание.

The students are going to the meeting.

Куда идут студенты?

Where are the students going?

 

Note: Here собрание is used in accusative case along with preposition в and verb of motion идти. Thus the interrogative word is Куда

 

Амит посещает всякие собрания.

Amit attends all sorts of meetings.

Что  посещает Амит?

What does Amit attend?

 

Note: Here собрания is used in accusative case as the direct object of the verb посещать. Thus the interrogative word is Что

 

Personal Pronoun

In Russian pronouns also change according to case. You already know the personal pronouns such as:

 

1.         ты– тебя

you

 

2.         он – его

he

 

3.         она –   её

she

 

4.         оно –   его

it

 

5.         мы – нас

we

 

6.         вы – вас

you

 

7.         они – их

they

 

In accusative case these pronouns decline as follows:

 

я (I) – меня

 

Это я.                                     

It is I  

                                               

Меня зовут Максим ?

They call me Maxim

(My name is Maxim)

 

ты (you) – тебя

 

Ты Максим?              

Are you Maxim?                    

 

Суреш вспоминает тебя.

Suresh remembers you

 

Кого Суреш вспоминает?

Whom does Suresh remember?

 

Please note that personal pronouns representing inanimate nouns as objects also change.

 

он (he) – его

(он referring to animate noun)

 

Это Арун (он).                                  

This is Arun (he)                                

 

Джон знает его.

John knows him.

 

Кого Джон знает?

Whom does John know?

 

он (it) – его

(он referring to inanimate noun)

 

Это стол (он).                                   

This is a table (it).

                                   

Нина вчера купила его.

Nina bought it yesterday.

 

Что вчера купила Нина?

What did Nina buy yesterday?

 

она (she) – её

(она referring to animate noun)

 

Это Нина (она)                    

This is Nina (she)

                       

Винот знает её.

Vinod knows her.

 

Кого Винот знает?

Whom does Vinod know?

 

она (it) – её

(она referring to inanimate noun)

 

Это книга (она)         .                      

This is a book (it)

                                   

Джон читал её

John read it.

 

Что читал Джон?

What did John read?

 

оно – его

 

Это радио (оно)                    

This is a radio (it)

                       

Максим вчера купил его.

Maxim yesterday bought it.

 

Что Максим вчера купил?

What did Maxim buy yesterday?

 

мы – нас

 

Мы студенты.                       

We are students.                    

 

Декан пригласил нас.

The Dean invited us.

 

Кого декан пригласил?

Whom did the Dean invite?

 

вы – вас

 

Вы русские?             

Are you Russians?                 

 

Максим видел вас вчера.

Maxim saw you yesterday.

 

Кого вчера Максим видел?

Whom did John see yesterday?

 

они – их

(они referring to animate noun)

 

Они туристы.                       

They are tourists.

           

Джону же встретил их.

John has already met them.

 

Кого Максим встретил?

Whom has John already met?

           

они – их

(они referring to inanimate noun)

 

Это книги.                

These are books.                     

 

Рам читает их сегодня.

Ram readы them today.

 

Что Рам читает сегодня?

What does Ram read today?

 

Reflexive Pronoun Себя        

The reflexive pronoun Себя (oneself) invariably refers to the performer of an action and does not change for number, gender and person. Себя has no  nominative as it is always used in a sentence as object.

 

Я вижу себя в зеркале.

I see myself in the mirror.

 

Кого вы видите в зеркале?

Whom do you see in the mirror?

 

Он видит себя в зеркале.

He sees himself in the mirror.            

Кого он видит в зеркале?

Whom does he see in the mirror.

 

Possessive Pronoun

You have already learned in previous lessons that pronouns, possessive pronouns as well as adjectives decline according to gender and number of the noun they qualify in the nominative as well as prepositional cases. Hereunder we will discuss how the possessive pronouns decline in the Accusative case.

 

Это мой брат.

This is my brother.

 

Я люблю моего брата.

I love my brother.

 

Это моя мама.

This is my mom.

           

Я люблю мою маму.

I love my mom.

 

Interrogative words

Чей, the interrogative word used to put question to possessive pronoun also decline.

 

Я люблю моего брата

I love my brother.

Чьего брата ты любишь?

Whose brother do you love?

 

Я люблю мою маму.

I love my mom.

Чью маму ты любишь?

Whose mom do you love?

 

As we already know both the singular and plural form of inanimate nouns of masculine and neuter genders and plural of inanimate nouns of Feminine gender do not decline in the  accusative case. Similarly the possessive pronouns qualifying them also do not decline.

Possessive Pronoun мой, моя, моё and мои.

Possessive Pronoun мой (used with inanimate noun).

Possessive Pronoun мой and interrogative word чей qualifying inanimate masculine noun do not decline.

 

я – мой – мой

I – my – …

 

чей – чей … ?

whose – …?

 

Это мой доклад.

This is my paper.

Чей это доклад?

Whose paper is that?

 

Я читаю мой доклад.

I read my paper.

Чей доклад ты читаешь?

Whose paper do you read?

 

Possessive Pronoun мой (used with animate noun).

Possessive Pronoun мой and interrogative word чей qualifying animate noun decline as

follows:

 

я – мой – моего

I – my – …

 

чей – чьего

whose – …?

 

Это мой директор.

This is my director.

Чей это директор?.

Whose director is that?

 

Я уважаю моего директора.

I respect my director.

Чьего директора ты уважаешь?

Whose director do you respect?

 

Possessive Pronoun моя. (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun моя and interrogative word чья qualifying inanimate as well as animate singular noun decline as follows:

 

я – моя – мою

I – my – …

 

чья – чью?

whose – …?

 

Это моя книга.

This is my book.

 

Чья это книга?

Whose book is that?

 

Я читаю мою книгу.

I read my book.

Чью книгу ты читаещь?

Whose book are you reading?

 

Note: Inanimate feminine nouns decline in accusative case. Though the inanimate noun with stem ending   -ь does not decline, but the possessive pronoun qualkifying it declkines.

 

Это моя тетрадь.

This is my notebook.

Чья это тетрадь?

Whose notebook is that?

 

Я читаю мою тетрадь.

I read my notebook.

Чью тетрадь ты читаещь?

Whose notebook are you reading?

 

Это моя учительница.

This is my teacher.

Чья это учительница?

Whose teacher is that?.

 

Я уважаю мою учительницу.

I respect my teacher.

Чью учительницу ты уважаешь?

Whose teacher do you respect?

 

Possessive Pronoun моё (used with inanimate noun)

Possessive Pronoun моё and interrogative word чьё qualifying neuter noun DOES not decline.

 

я – моё  – моё

I – my – …

 

чьё – чьё ...?

whose – …?

 

Это моё письмо.

This is my letter.

Чьё это письмо?

Whose letter is that?

 

Джон читает моё письмо.

John is reading my letter.

Чьё письмо Джон читает?

Whose letter is John reading?

 

Possessive Pronoun мои. (used with inanimate noun)

Possessive Pronoun  мои and interrogative word чьи  qualifying inanimate nouns all the three genders does not decline.

 

я – мои  – мои

I – my – …

 

чьи – чьи

whose – …?

 

Это мои учебники и тетради.

These are my textbooks and notebooks.

Чьи это учебники и тетради?

Whose textbooks and notebooks are they?

 

Мы несём мои учебники и тетради в класс.

We carry my textbooks and notebooks to the class.

Чьи учебники и тетради вы несёте в класс?

Whose textbooks and notebooks do you carry to the class?

 

Possessive Pronoun мои. (used with animate noun)

Possessive Pronoun мои and interrogative word чьи qualifying animate nouns of masculine and feminine gender decline as follows:

 

мои – моих

I – my – …

 

чьи – чьих

whose – …?

 

Это мои родители.

These are my parents.

Я уважаю моих родителей.

I respect my parents.

 

Чьих  родителей ты уважаешь?

Whose parents do you respect?

 

Possessive Pronoun наш, наша, наша and наши.

Possessive Pronoun наш (used with inanimate noun)

Possessive Pronoun наш qualifying inanimate noun does not decline. (interrogative word чей)

 

мы – наш – наш

we – our – our

 

чей – чей … ?

whose …?

 

Это наш компьютер.

This is my computer.

Чей это компьютер?

Whose computer.is that?

 

Я несу наш компьютер.

I read our computer.

Чей компьютер ты несёшь?

Whose computer are you carrying?

 

Possessive Pronoun наш.  (used with animate noun)

Possessive Pronoun наш and interrogative чей qualifying animate noun decline as follows:

 

мы – наш  – нашего

we – our – our

 

чей – чьего … ?

whose – whose

 

Это наш директор.

This is our director.

 

Джон вчера встретил нашего директора.

John met our director yesterday.

 

Чьего директора Джон вчера встретил?

Whose director did John meet yesterday?

 

Possessive Pronoun наша (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun наша and interrogative word чья qualifying inanimate and animate singular decline as follows:

 

мы – нашa – нашу

we – our

 

чей – чью … ?

whose …?

 

Это наша страна.

This is my country.

Чья это страна?

Whose country is that?

 

Я люблю нашу страну.

I love my country.

Чей страну ты любишь?

Whose country do you love?

 

 

Это наша учительница.

This is our teacher.

 

Мы ждём нашy учительницу.

We are waiting for our teacher.

 

Чью учительницу вы ждёте?

Whose teacher you are waiting for?

 

Possessive Pronoun наше. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun наше and interrogative word чьё qualifying neuter noun does NOT decline.

мы – наше – наше

our – our

 

Это наше поле.

This is our field.

Чьё это поле?

Whose field is that?

 

Мы продали наше поле.

We sold our land.

Чьё поле вы продали?

Whose land did you sell?

 

Possessive Pronoun наши. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun наши and interrogative word чьи inanimate noun does NOT decline.

 

мы – наши  – наши

we – our 

 

чей – чьи

whose – whose

 

Это наши вещи.

These are our things.

 

Чьи это вещи?

Whose things are that?

 

Мы берьём наши вещи.

We are taking our things.

 

Чьи вещи вы берьёте?

Whose things are you taking?

 

Possessive Pronoun наши (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun наши and interrogative word чьи decline as follows:

 

мы – наши – наших

we – our – our

чей – чьих

whose – whose

           

Это наши друзья.

These are our friends.

 

Мы ждём наших друзьей.

We are waiting for our friends.

 

Чьих друзьей вы ждёте?

Whose friends are you waiting for?

 

Possessive Pronouns твой, твоя, твоё and твои.

Possessive Pronoun твой. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun твой and interrogative word чей does NOT decline in accusative case.

 

ты – твой – твой

you – your - …?

 

чей – чей …?

whose - …?

 

Это твой мотоцикл.

This your motorcycle.

Чей это мотоцикл?

Whose motorcycle is that?

 

Джон водит твой мотоцикл.

John is driving your motorcycle.

Чей это мотоцикл ?

Whose motorcycle is John driving?

 

Possessive Pronoun твой (used with animate nouns)

Possessive pronoun твой and interrogative word чей decline in accusative case as follows:

 

ты – твой – твоего

you – your –  …

чей – чьего ...?

who – who … ?

 

Это твой брат?

Is that your brother?

Чей это брат?

Whose brother is that?

 

Джон встретил твоего брата.

John has met your brother.

Чьего брата Джон встретил?

Whose brother has John meet?

 

Possessive Pronoun твоя. (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun твоя and interrogative word чья qualifying inanimate and animate singular noun decline as follows:

 

ты – твоя – твою

you – your

 

чья – чью … ?

whose …?

 

Это  твоя машина?

Is this your car?

Чья это машина?

Whose car is that?

 

Я хочу водить твою машину.

I would like to drive your car.

Чью машину хочешь водить?

Whose car would you like to drive?

 

Это твоя сестра?

Is that your sister?

 

Я знаю твою тётю.

I know your aunt.

Чью тётю ты знаешь?

Whose aunt do you know?

 

Possessive Pronoun твоё. (used with inanimate noun)

Possessive Pronoun твоё does NOT decline:

 

ты – твоё

you – your

чьё – чьё …?

whose …?

 

Это твоё письмо.

This is your letter.

Чьё это письмо?

Whose letter is that?

 

Я принёс твоё письмо.

I brought your letter.

Чьё письмо вы принесли?

Whose letter did you bring?

 

Possessive Pronoun твои. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun твои and interrogative word чьи qualifying inanimate noun does NOT decline.

 

ты – твои  – твои

you – your 

 

чьи – чьи

whose – whose

 

Это твои  вещи.

These are your things.

Чьи это вещи?

Whose things are that?

 

Мы берьём твои вещи.

We are taking your things.

Чьи вещи ты берьёшь?

Whose things are you taking?

 

Possessive Pronoun твои. (used with animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun твои and interrogative word чьи qualifying animate plural noun decline as follows:

 

ты – твои  – твоих

you – your 

 

чьи – чьих

whose – whose

 

Это твои сотрудники?

Are they your colleagues?

Чьи это сотрудники?

Whose colleagues are they?

 

Я знаю твоих  сотрудников.

I know your colleagues.

Чьих сотрудников ты знаешь?

Whose colleagues do you know?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваш, ваша, ваше and ваши.

Possessive Pronoun ваш. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun ваш and interrogative word чей qualifying inanimate noun does NOT decline.

 

вы – ваш – ваш

you – your - …?

 

чей – чей …?

whose - …?

 

Это ваш компьютер.

This your computer.

Чей это компьютер?

Whose computer is that?

 

Максим взял ваш компьютер.

Maxim took your computer.

Чей компьютер Максим взял?

Whose computer did Maxim take?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваш. (used with animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun ваш and interrogative word чей qualifying animate plural noun decline as follows:

 

вы – ваш – вашего

you – your – your

 

чей – чей …?

whose – whose …?

 

Это ваш брат?

Is that your brother?

Чей это брат?

Whose brother is that?

 

Я знаю вашего брата.

I know your brother.

Чьего брата ты знаешь?

Whose brother do you know?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваша. (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun ваша and interrogative word чья qualifying inanimate and animate singular noun decline as follows:

 

вы – ваша – вашу

you – your

 

чья – чью … ?

whose …?

 

Это ваша сумка?

Is this your bag?

Чья это сумка?

Whose bag is that?

 

Виот взял вашу сумку.

Vinod took your bag.

Чью сумку взял Виот?

Whose bag did Vinod take?

 

Это ваша мама?

Is that your mother?

Чья это мама?

Whose mother is that?

 

Я вчера видел вашу маму .

I saw your mom yesterday.

Чью маму  ты видел вчера?

Whose mom did you see  yesterday?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваше. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun ваше does NOT decline:

 

вы –  ваше – ваше

you – your - ...

 

чьё – чьё …?

whose …?

 

Это ваше  перо.

This is your pen.

Чьё это перо?

Whose pen is that?

 

Он взял ваше  перо.

He took your letter.

Чьё перо он взял ?

Whose pen did he take?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваши. (used with inanimate nouns)

Possessive pronoun ваши and interrogative word чьи qualifying inanimate noun does NOT decline.

 

вы – ваши  – ваши

you – your 

 

чьи – чьи

whose – whose

 

Это ваши  тетради.

These are your notebooks.

Чьи это тетради ?

Whose notebooks are that?

 

Она взяла ваши  тетради.

She took your notebooks.

Чьи тетради  Она взяла?

Whose notebooks did she take?

 

Possessive Pronoun ваши. (used with animate nouns)

Possessive Pronoun ваши and interrogative word чьи qualifying animate plural noun decline as follows:

 

вы – ваши – ваших

you – your - …

 

чьи – чьи ...?

Whose …?

 

Это ваши учительницы?

Are they your teachers?

 

Я вчера видел ваших учительниц.

I saw your teachers yesterday.

 

Чьих учительниц  ты видел вчера?

Whose teachers did you see yesterday?

 

Possessive Pronoun его, её and их.  (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Note: Please note that both the singular and plural form of the possessive pronouns of the third person его, её его and их qualifying inanimate and animate nouns do NOT decline in accusative case. его, её and их are used freely as in English.

 

он – его – его  

he – he - …

 

она – её – её

she – she - …

 

они – их – их

they – they - …

 

Это его/её/их учебник.

This is his/her/their text book.

Нина несёт его/её/их учебник

Nina carries his/her/their textbook.

 

Это его/её/их брат.

This is his/her/their brother.

Джон вспоминает его/её/их брата.

John remembers his/her/their brother.

 

Это его/её/их газета.

This is his/her/their newspaper.

Арун читает его/её/их газету

Arun is reading his/her/their newspaper.

 

Это его/её/их сестра.

This is his/her/their sister.

Джон вспоминает его/её/их сестру.

John remembers his/her/their sister.

 

Это его/её/их общежитие.

This is his/her/their hostel.

Студенты украшают его/её/их общежитие.

The students decorate his/her/their hostel.

 

Это его/её/их родители.

These are his/her/their parents.

Джон вспоминает его/её/их родителей.

John remembers his/her/their parents.

 

Possessive Pronoun: свой, своя, своё, свои. (one’s own)

Possessive Pronoun: свой.  (used with inanimate nouns)

Pronoun свой and своe qualifying inanimate singular noun of masculine and neuter gender does NOT decline.

 

свой – свой

своё – своё

 

Джон несет свой компьютер в класс.

John carries his computer to the class.

 

Джон любит своe общежитие.

John likes his hostel.

 

Possessive Pronoun: свой.  (used with animate nouns)

Pronoun свой qualifying animate masculine noun declines as follows:

свой – своего

 

Джон встретил своего друга в клубе.

John met his friend in the club.

 

Possessive Pronoun: своя. (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Pronoun своя qualifying inanimate and animate feminine noun declines as follows:

 

своя – свою

 

Арун переводит свою статью.

Arun is translating his article.

 

Арун ждёт свою сестру.

Arun is waiting for his sister.

 

Pronoun все qualifying animate masculine noun declines as follows:

Possessive Pronoun: свои (used with inanimate nouns)

Pronoun свои qualifying inanimate plural noun of all the genders does NOT decline.

свои - свои

 

Джон несет свои учебники и тетради в класс.

John carries his textbooks and notebooks to the class.

 

Джон сохранет свои письма.

John preserves his letters.

 

Арун переводит свои статьи.

Arun is translating his articles.

 

Possessive Pronoun: свои. (used with animate nouns)

Pronoun свои qualifying animate nouns of Masculine and Feminine genders decline as follows:

свой – своих

 

Джон встретил своих друзьей и подруг в клубе.

John met his friends and girl-friends in the club.

 

Demonstrative pronouns:

Demonstrative pronouns: этот, эта, это, эти  and тот, та, то, те

Question words: какой, какая, какое, какие.

 

Note: Demonstrative pronouns decline like possessive pronouns depending on the noun they qualify. They do not decline in accusative case when they qualify singular and plural nouns of Masculine and Neuter genders and plural nouns of Feminine gender qualifying inanimate nouns.

In the case of singular and plural animate nouns of Masculine and Feminine genders and inanimate singular noun of Feminine gender the Demonstrative pronouns decline as follows:

Interrogative word used to put question is какой, which also decline depending on the noun.

 

Demonstrative pronouns этот/ тот.

Inanimate

Demonstrative pronouns qualifying inanimate masculine noun do NOT decline.

этот/ тот – этот/ тот

this/that

какой – какой

which

 

Этот журнал новый и тот тоже журнал новый.

This magazine is new and that magazine is also new.

 

Джон купил этот и тот журналы.

John bought this and that magazines.

 

Какой журнал Джон купил?

Which magazine did John buy?

Note:

 

Demonstrative pronouns этот/ тот. (used with animate nouns)

Demonstrative pronouns этот/ тот and question word какой qualifying animate masculine noun decline as follows:

 

этот/ тот – этого/ того

this/that

какой – какого

Which

 

Этот/Тот инженер построил это здание.

This/That engineer constructed this building.

 

Мы уже встретили этого/того инженера.

We have already met this/that engineer.

 

Какого инженера вы уже встретили?

Which engineer have you already met?

 

Demonstrative pronouns эта/та. (used with inanimate and animate nouns)

Demonstrative pronoun эта/та and question word какая qualifying Inanimate and Ainmate Feminine noun decline as follows:

 

эта/та – эту/ту

какую – какую

 

Эта/Та газета свешая.

This/That newspaper is the fresh one.

 

Максим только то купил эту/ту газету.

Maxim bought this/that newspaper just now.

 

Какую газету Максим только то купил?

Which newspaper did Maxim buy just now.

 

Эта/Та аспирантка учится в первой группе.

This/That research scholar studies in the first group.

 

Врера Джон встретил эту/ту аспирантку.

John has met this/that research scholar.

 

Какую аспирантку Джон вчера встретил?

Which research scholar did John meet yesterday?

 

Demonstrative pronouns это/то

Demonstrative pronouns это/то and the question word какое  qualifying Neuter noun do NOT decline.

 

это/то – это/то

какое – какое

 

Это/То радио старое.

This/That radio is old.

 

Они не включят это/то радио.

They do not switch on this/that radio.

 

Какое радио они не включят?

Which radio they do not switch on?

 

Demonstrative pronouns эти/те. (used with inanimate nouns)

Demonstrative pronoun эти/те and interrogative word какие qualifying inanimate plural nouns of all the three genders do not decline.        

 

Эти/те – Эти/те

какие – какие

 

Эти/те книги, журналы и письма наши.

These/Those books, magazines and letters are ours.

 

Арун только то положил эти/те книги, журналы и письма на стол.

Arun put these/those books, magazines and letters on the table just now.

 

Какие книги, журналы и письма Арун только то положил на стол?

Which books, magazines and letters Arun has just now put on the table?

 

Demonstrative pronouns эти/те. (used with animate nouns)

Demonstrative pronoun эти/те and question word какие qualifying animate Masculine and Feminine noun decline as follows.

 

эти/те – этих/тех

какие – каких

 

Эти/Те аспиранты иностранные.

These/Those research scholars are foreigners.

 

Наш декан вчера встретил этих/тех аспирантов.

Our dean met these/those foreign research scholars yesterday.

 

Каких аспирантов ваш декан вчера встретил?

Which foreign research scholars did your dean meet yesterday?

 

Adjective

In Russian, the adjective declines according to gender, number and case of the head noun it qualifies. The last two letters of the adjective decline according to gender, number and case.

The interrogative word какой used to put question to adjective also declines according to the gender, number and case.

Adjective qualifying Masculine nouns

Adjective qualifying Masculine nouns decline as follows:

Note: Adjective qualifying inanimate masculine noun does NOT decline.

 

новый – новый

new    

 

Это новый журнал.

This is a new magazine.

 

Максим читает новый журнал.

Maxim reads new magazine.

 

Adjective qualifying Masculine nouns

Animate

Adjective with stem ending in hard consonant.

Adjective with stem ending in hard consonant. as follows :

-ый is replaced by -ого

 

новый – нового

new                                        

 

Это  новый студент.

This is a new student.

 

Арун уже встретил нового студента.

Arun has already met the new student.

 

Adjective with stem ending in soft consonant.

последний – последнего

last                  

 

Adjective with stem ending in soft consonant declines as follows:

ий is replaced by -его

последний – последнего

last

 

Это  последний посетитель.

This is the last visitor.

 

Водитель ждёт последнего посетителя.

The driver is waiting for the last visitor.

 

Adjectives whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ.

Adjectives whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by UNSTRESSED ending declines as follows:

ий is replaced by -его

 

хороший - хорошего

good                           

 

Это хороший учитель.

This is a good teacher.

 

Студенты любят этого хорошего учителя.

The students love this good teacher.

 

Adjectives whose stem ends in ж,ш, ч, щ followed by STRESSED ending

Adjectives whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by STRESSED ending decline as follows:

ой is replaced by -ого

 

чужой - чужого

strange

                       

Там сидит чужой старик.

There sits a strange old man.

 

Вчера я встретил одного чужого старика

I met a strange old man yesterday.

 

Adjectives whose stem end in г, к, х.

Adjectives whose stem end in г, к, х declines as follows:

-ий is replaced by -ого

 

тихий - тихого

silent                           

 

Щам - тихий ребёнок.

Shyam is a quiet child.

 

Учитель любит этого тихого ребёнка

The teacher loves this quiet child.

 

The question word какой.

The question word какой declines as follows:

какой – какого

 

Какого человека Нина встртил?

What sort of/Which man has Nina met?

 

Adjective qualifying Feminine noun.  

Note: The Adjective qualifying both  inanimate and animate nouns declines in the same way.

Adjective with stem ending in -ая

Adjective with -ая ending in nominative declines as -ую in the Accusative case.

 

новая – новую

new                                        

 

-ая is replaced by -ую

 

Это  новaя студентка и её машина.

This is a new student and her car.

 

Арун уже видел новую студентку и её машину.

Arun has already seen the new student and her car.

 

Adjective with stem ending in -яя

Adjective with -яя ending in nominative declines as -юю in the Accusative case.

 

последняя – последнюю

last      

           

-яя is replaced by -юю

 

Последняя певица очень популрная.

The last singer is very popular.

 

Зрители ждут последнюю певицу.

The audience is waiting for the last singer.

 

The question word какая.

The question word какая declines as какую.

 

какая – какую

 

Какую певицу ждут зрители?

Which singer is the audience waiting for?

 

Adjective qualifying Neuter noun:

Adjectives qualifying Neuter nouns do NOT decline.

 

Это интереное письмо.

This is an interesting letter.

 

Арун получил интереное письмо.

Arun has received an interesting letter.

 

The question word какое.

The question word какое does NOT decline.

 

Какое письмо Арун получил?

What sort of/Which letter Arun has received

 

Adjectives qualifying inanimate Plural Nouns.

Adjectives qualifying inanimate plural nouns of all the three genders do NOT decline.

 

Это интересные журналы и книги

These are interesting magazines and books

 

Нина читает интересные журналы и книги.

Nina is reading interesting magazines and books.

 

Какие журналы и книги Нина читает?

What sort of/Which magazines and books  is Nina reading?

 

Adjectives qualifying animate Plural Nouns

Adjectives qualifying animate Plural Nouns of Masculine and Feminine genders having -ые and  -ие ending decline as follows:        

 

интереные – интересных

interesting

последние – последних

last                  

 

Это интереные люди

These are interesting people

                       

Нина встртил интересных людей в клубе.

Nina has met interesting people in the club.

 

Последние певцы очень популрные.

The last singers are very popular.

 

Зрители ждёт последних певцов

The audience is waiting for the last singers

 

The question word какие.

The question word какие declines as каких.

 

Каких людей Нина встретил в клубе?

What sort of people has Nina met in the club?

 

Pronoun: весь, всё, вся, все.

Pronoun весь qualifying inanimate noun of masculine and neuter genders does NOT decline.

 

весь – весь

всё – всё

 

Студенты украсили весь институт.

The students decorated the whole institute.

 

Весь час мы ждали учителя.

The whole hour we waited for the teacher.

 

Всё лето мы были на севере.

We were in the north the whole summer.

 

Декан пригласил все общежитие.

The dean invited the whole hostel.

 

Pronoun: вся

Pronoun вся qualifying inanimate as well as animate nouns of feminine gender

declines as follows:

 

вся - всю

 

Всю неделю Суреш лежал в больнице.

Suresh was in the hospital for the whole week.

 

Директор пригласил всю школу на вечер.

The director invited the whole school to the function

 

Pronoun:все – все. (used with inanimate nouns)

Pronoun все qualifying inanimate plural noun of all the genders does NOT decline.

 

все – все

 

Нина читала все рассказы в этом магазине.

Nina read al the shot stories on this magazine.

 

Pronoun: весь. (used with animate nouns)

Pronoun весь qualifying animate Masculine and Feminine nouns declines as follows:

весь – всеx

 

Директор пригласил всех студентов.

The director invited all students.

 

Reflexive Pronoun Себя        

The reflexive pronoun Себя (oneself) invariably refers to the performer of an action and does not change for number, gender and person. Себя has no  nominative as it is always used in a sentence as object.

 

Я вижу себя в зеркале.

I see myself in the mirror.

 

Кого вы видите в зеркале?

Whom do you see in the mirror?

 

Он видит себя в зеркале.

He sees himself in the mirror.

                       

Кого он видит в зеркале?

Whom does he see in the mirror?.

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