The Adverb
The adverb is an
invariable part of speech. In the sentence, adverbs generally modify a verb
внимательно
слушать
to
listen attentively
встретить
дружески
to
give a friendly welcome,
прийти
утром
to come in the morning
работать
вместе
to work together
сидеть
рядом
to sit close by
читать
вслух
to read aloud
An adverb may also modify: an adjective or an
adverb or a noun
Adverb + adjective
очень
интересный
very
interesting
почти
готовый
almost
ready
Adverb + adverb
совершенно
верно
quite
right
очень
быстро
very
fast
Adverb + noun
дорога
вправо
the road to the right
дружба
навеки
friendship forever
езда
верхом
riding on horseback
прыжок
вперёд
a leap forward
чтение
вслух
reading aloud
According to their meaning, adverbs are categorized
as follows:
Adverbs of manner, which answer the questions
как?
how?,
каким
образом?
in
what
way?
Нина
поёт
хорошо.
Nina sings well.
Как
Нина
поёт?
How does Nina sing?
Максим
читает
по-английски
громко,
произносит
слова
отчётливо и
правильно.
Maxim reads English
loudly, pronouncing the words clearly and correctly.
Как Максим
читает?
How
does
Maxim
read?
Винот
хорошо
говорит
по-русски.
Vinod
speaks
Russian
well.
Как Винот
говорит
по-русски?
How does Vinod speak
Russian?
Adverbs of manner ending in
-o
Note the difference between the Adverbs of manner
ending in
-о
(хорошо
well,
правильно
right,
интересно
it
is interesting)
and the corresponding adjectives
Adjectives invariably qualify nouns, agree them in
gender, number and case, and answer the question
какой?,
какая?, какое?
or
какие?
(complete-form adjectives)
or
каков?,
какова?,
каково?
or
каковы?
(short-form adjectives).
Какой
ответ дал
студент?
What answer did the
student give?
Студент
дал
правильный
ответ.
The student gave the
correct answer.
Каков
ответ?
What kind of answer
is it?
Ответ
правилен.
It is the correct
answer.
Какая
у тебя книга?
What kind of book
have you got?
У
меня
интересная книга.
I have got an
interesting book.
Какова
книга?
What is the book
like?
Книга интересна.
The book is
interesting.
Adverbs of
manner ending in
-о never
modify nouns. They generally modify verbs and answer the
question
как?
How did the student
answer?
Студент
ответил
правильно.
The student answered
correctly.
Как она
рассказывает?
How does she tell a
story?
Она
рассказывает
интересно
She tells a story in
an interesting way.
Short-Form Adjectives and Adverbs
Чтение
ясно
The reading is clear.
Он
ясно
читал
текст,
(как?)
He read the text
clearly.
Рассказ
интересен.
The story is
interesting.
Он
рассказывает
интересно. (как?)
Не
tells
a
story
in
an
interesting
way.
Решение
правильно.
The decision is
correct.
Ученик
ответил
правильно, (как?)
The
pupil answered correctly.
Озеро
спокойно.
The lake is calm.
Река
течёт
спокойно.
(как?)
The
river is flowing quietly.
Дорога пряма.
The road is straight.
Мы
идём
прямо,
(как?)
We
are going straight on
Задача
легка.
The problem is easy.
Он легко
решил задачу,
(как?)
Не solved the problem easily
Adverbs of
time, which answer the question
когда?
when?
Вчера мы
смотрели
русский
фильм.
Yesterday we saw a
Russian film.
Когда вы
смотрели
русский
фильм?
When did you see
Russian movie?
Нина
придёт
вечером.
Nina will come in the evening.
Когда
придёт
Нина?
When will Nina come?
Adverbs of
place, which answer the question
где?
where?,
куда?
where to?,
откуда?
where from?
Винот сидит
там.
Vinod
sits
there.
Где сидит
Винот?
Where does Vinod sit?
Дети
бегают
туда.
Children are running
towards there.
Куда
бегают
дети?
Where are the
children running?
Adverbs of measure and degree, which answer the
questions
сколько?
how much/many?,
несколько?
how much?,
сколько
раз?
how many
times?,
во
сколько раз?
how much?,
в
какой
степени?
how much?
У
Винота есть
много
английских
книг.
Vinod has so many English
books.
Сколько
английских
книг У Винота
есть?
How many English books Vinod
has?
Я
повторил
стихотворение
много раз.
I repeated the poem several
times.
Сколько
раз вы
повторили
стихотворение?
How many times did you
repeat the poems?
Брат
намного
старше
меня.
The
brother is much elder to me.
Adverbs of
purpose, which answer the questions
зачем?
why?,
для
чего?
what for?
Зачем
он сделал
это?
Why did he do that?
Он сделал
это назло
всем.
He did it just to
spite everybody.
Adverbs of cause, which answer the questions
почему?
why?,
no какой
причине?
for what reason?
Была
сильная
метель,
поэтому
поезд опоздал.
There was a heavy
snow-storm, that is why the train was late.
Он сказал
сгоряча и
потом сам
жалел об
этом.
He said this in the heat of the moment and then was
sorry for it.
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