Genitive Case (Introduction)
Note:
Pay attention to the Genitive ending highlighted in pink colour and other
closely related grammatical elements in
orange
colour
The genitive case is used in so
many situations with or without prepositions.
This lesson explains the
declension of nouns in the genitive case. However, some important situations
are listed below to give general understanding of the Genitive case. In the
next lesson the use of Genitive is discussed in detail.
Read the following examples
paying attention to the declension of nouns in Genitive case highlighted in
violet colour
Genitive is used to denote the
possessor of an object.
Genitive is used to denote the
possessor of an object. In such case it answer the question
Чей
…? (Кого)
(Whose …?)
Чья
... ? (Кого)
(Whose …?)
Чьё
... ? (Кого)
(Whose …?)
Чьи
... ? (Кого)
(Whose …?)
Это копьютер Максима.
This is the computer
of Maxim.
Чей это копьютер?
Whose computer is this?
Это сумка
Нины.
This is the bag
of Nina.
Чья это сумка?
Whose bag is this?
Это книги
студентов.
These are the books
of the students.
Чьи это книги
Whose books are they?
Это приятели актрисы. (актриса)
These are the fans
of the actress.
Чьи это приятели
Whose fans are they?
Genitive is used to denote a
person or an object to whom/which the certain quality or property belongs. In such case the noun
used in the Genitive case answers the question:
Какой
...? (чего/кого
of what/whom)
Какая
... ? (чего/кого
of what/whom)
Какое
... ? (чего/кого
of what/whom)
Какие
...? (чего/кого
of what/whom)
Это библиотека университета.
This is the library
of the university.
Какая это библиотека?
Which library is that?
Это здание общежития
This is the building
of the hostel
Какое это здание?
Which building is that?
Воля
человека.
Man’s
will
Какая
воля?
Whose will?
Genitive denoting an action.
Изучение
компьютера
необходимо в
современном
мире.
Learning
of computer is necessary
in the modern world.
Genitive is used after the
negative words нет, не было, не будет ...
У меня нет мотоцикла.
I do not have a motorcycle.
Genitive is used for comparative
degree.
Genitive is used with the
comparative degree of an adjective.
Брат старше сестры.
The brother is older than the
sister
Cardinal
numerals and noun in Genitive case.
Два компьютера
Two computers
Certain verbs requires noun in
the Genitive case.
желать успехов
wish successes
Genitive used the following prepositions:
Preposition
близ
близ университета
near the university near the university
Preposition
возле
возле леса
near the forest
Preposition
около
около дома
near the house
Preposition y
y входа
at the gate
Preposition
доль
доль дороги
along the road
Preposition
вне
вне парка
outside the park
Preposition
посреди
посреди площади
in the middle of the square
Preposition
мимо
мимо реки
along the river
Preposition
между
между деревьев
between the trees
Preposition
против
против общежития
opposite of the hostel
Preposition
откуда
…?
откуда
…?
from where…?
Preposition
из
из комнаты
from the room
Preposition
накануне
накануне праздника
on the eve of the festival
Preposition
из-за
из-за
болезни
due to illness
Preposition
без
чай без молока
tea without milk
Preposition
вместо
вместо отца
instead of the father
Preposition
для
для экзамена
for the exam
Preposition
с
с завода
from the factory
Preposition
от
от холода
due to/from/with cold
Preposition
кроме
кроме директора
except the director
Preposition
среди
среди молодёши
among the youth
Preposition
кокруг
кокруг стола
around the table
Preposition
до
до вечера
before evening
The Noun
Nouns, pronouns, possessive
pronouns, adjectives, demonstrative pronouns etc decline in Genitive case according
to gender and number.
The declension is
explained in this study material systematically as per the eleven endings of
nouns in nominative case explained in Lesson no. 2 of the previous unit.
The Masculine noun ending in hard consonant:
Singular
университет university
студент student
-а
is
added to noun ending in hard
consonant.
университет – университета
студент – студента
Это студент.
This is the student.
Это его мотоцикл
This is his motorcycle
Чей это мотоцикл?
Whose motorcycle is that?
Это мотоцикл студента
This is the motorcycle
of the student.
Note:
Here студент is used in the
genitive case as студента to denote that the
student is the possessor of the motorcycle.
Это университет.
This is the university.
Это стадион.
This is the stadium.
Это стадион университета.
This is the building
of the university.
Note:
Here университет is used in the
genitive case as университета to denote that the
stadium belongs to the university.
Какой это стадион?
Which stadium is that?
Plural
Nouns ending in
hard consonant (except sibilants ж, ш, щ, ч and soft consonant).
университеты – universities
студенты –
students
-ов
is added to noun with
stem ending with hard consonant.
студент – студенты – студентов
институт – институты –
институтов
Это студенты.
These are students.
Это их мотоциклы.
These are their motorcycles.
Чьи это мотоциклы?
Whose motorcycle
are that?
Это мотоциклы студентов.
These are the motorcycles
of the students.
Note:
Here студенты is used in the
genitive case as студентов
to denote that
the students are the possessor of the motorcycles.
Это институты.
These are
institutes.
Это справочник.
This is directory.
Это справочник институтов.
This is the directory
of institutes.
Note:
Here университеты is used in the
genitive case as университетов
to denote the
relationship between the directory and the university.
Какой это справочник ?
What kind of directory is that?
Noun ending in
soft consonant or sibilant.
врач
doctor
муж husband
-ей is added to the noun
with stem ending in ж, ш,
щ, ч, .
муж – мужи – мужей
husband –
husbands
врач – врачи – врачей
doctor –
doctors
товарищ – товарищи – товарищей
comrade –
comrades
карандаш
– карандаши –
карандашей
pencil – pencil
нож – ножи –
ножей
knife – knives
Это
коробка
карандашей.
This is a box of pencils.
Here карандаши is used in the
genitive case as карандашей to denote the
relationship between the pencils and the box)
Это собрание врачей.
This is a meeting
of doctors.
Note:
Here врачи is used in the
genitive case врачей to denote the
relationship between the meeting and the doctors.
Noun ending
in -ц with stressed and unstressed
endings.
Noun with
stem ending in -ц are further divided into two types based
on the stress.
Noun with
stressed ending:
бое́ц
fighting
man
Noun with unstressed ending:
комсомо́лец
Young
communist league member
-ов is added if the ending is stressed.
бое́ц – бойцы – бойцов
fighting
man – fighting men
Это портрет боецов.
This is the
portrait of fighting mеn.
Note:
Here бойцы is used in the
genitive case as боецов to denote the
relationship between the portrait
and the fighting mеn.
-ев is added if the ending is unstressed.
комсомо́лец – комсомо́льцы – комсомольцев
Young
communist league member
Там идёт съезд комсомольцев.
The congress
of the young communist league member is going on there.
Note -
Here комсомо́льцы is used in the
genitive case as комсомольцев to denote the relationship between the congress and the
young communist league member.
Note - The Exceptions
друг – друзья
– друзьей
брат – братья
– братьев
Nouns endings with
-й
Singular
герой hero
музей museum
In the case
of masculine noun with stem ending with -й,
the
-й is replaced by -я
герой – героя
музей – музея
Это
герой.
This is a hero.
Это портрет героя.
This is a portrait
of the hero.
Note:
Here герой is used in the
genitive case as героя to denote the
relationship between the portrait
and the hero)
Это музей.
This is a museum.
У
нас два музея здесь.
We have two museums here.
Сколько
музеев у вас
есть?
How many museums do you have?
Note.1. Here музей is used in the
genitive case музея as in Russian the
cardinal numbers ending with 2, 3, 4 as last digit requires
the noun they qualify to be used in Genitive singular.
Note.2.
In the
interrogative sentence музеев
is in genitive plural as after the
preposition Сколько the noun is required to be in genitive plural.
Plural
герои heroes
музеи museums
In the case
of masculine noun ending in -й in
singular, the -й is replaced by -ев
герой – герои – героев
музей – музеи – музеев
Это герои.
These are heroes.
У
нас пять героев здесь.
We have five heroes.
Note:
In Russian after the cardinal numbers 11,
12, 13, 14, and other cardinal numbers with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, as the
last digit require the nouns they qualify to be used in Genitive plural. Hence,
герои is used in the
genitive case plural as героев.
Это музеи.
These are museums.
У
нас городе
есть несколько музеев
We have several museums in the
city.
Here музеи is used in the genitive case музеев as in Russian
after certain words denoting indefinite quantity (несколько some; мало little; ного, many; сколько, how many or how much, etc.) the noun qualified by these words required to be used in genitive
plural)
Masculine Nouns endings with
-ий
Singular
санаторий sanatorium
пролетарий
proletariat
In the case of masculine noun ending
with -ий the -ий is replaced by -ия
санаторий – санатория
пролетарий – пролетария
Вот детали
санатория.
Here are
the details of the sanatorium
Note:
Here санаторий is used in the
genitive case санатория to denote the
relationship between the details and the sanatorium.
Это руководитель пролетария
This is the leader of the
proletariat
(Here пролетарий is used in the
genitive case пролетария to denote the
relationship between the proletariat and the leader)
Plural
Noun with stem ending in
-ий
санаторий – санатории
sanatorium – sanatoriums
пролетарий – пролетарии
proletariat – proletariats
In the case of noun with stem ending
with -ий the -ий is replaced by -иев
санаторий – санатории – санаториев
пролетарий – пролетарии – пролетариев
У нас
много санаториев
в стране.
We have
several sanatoriums in the country.
Note:
Here санатории is used in the
genitive case as санаториев as in Russian
after certain words denoting indefinite quantity (несколько, some; мало little; много many; сколько how many or how much, etc.) the noun qualified by these
words required to be used in genitive plural.
Этот руководитель
популярен
посреди пролетариев.
This leader is popular amongst the
proletariats.
Note:
Here пролетарии is used in the
genitive case as пролетариев as in Russian
after certain prepositions (see point a.2.8 in the introduction of this lesson for the preposition
requiring noun in genitive case) the noun should be used in genitive case.
Masculine Nouns ending with
-ь
Singular
учитель teacher
апрель April
In the case of masculine noun with
stem ending in -ь, the -ь is replaced by –я
учитель – учителя
словарь – словаря
На столе
лежит
дневник учителя
The diary of the teacher is on the
table.
Note:
Here учитель is used in the genitive
case as учителя to denote the
relationship between the teacher and
the diary.
Мы уезжаем первое апреля.
We leave on first April.
Когда вы уезжаете?
When are you leaving?
Note:
Here апрель is used in the
genitive case апреля
as in Russian
the month after the date should be in genitive case.
Plural
учитель – учители
teacher – teachers
словарь – словари
dictionary – dictionaries
In the case
of noun with stem ending in soft sign, the soft sign is replaced by -ей.
На столе
лежат дневники учителей
The diaries of the teachers are on
the table.
Note:
Here учители is used in the genitive
case as учителей to denote the
relationship between the teachers and
the diary.
У нас в
библиотеке
много словарей.
We have several dictionaries in
the library.
Сколько у вас
словарей
в
библиотеке?
How many
books you have in the library?
Note:
In the above two sentences словари is used in the genitive case словарей as the noun
after certain words denoting indefinite quantity (несколько some; мало little; много many; сколько how many or how much, etc.) is required to be used in
genitive plural)
Note:
Exception
-1
Мasculine nouns
with stem ending in -а
will decline like feminine noun.
мужчина – мужчины
: мужчины – мужчин
юноша – юноши : юноши – юнош
дедушка – дедушки
: дедушки – дедушек
папа – папы
: папы – пап
дядя - дяди
: дяди – дядьей/дядьев
Feminine Nouns ending with -а
Singular
студентка (girl) student
комната room
In the case of feminine noun with stem ending with -а, the -а is replaced by -ы/и. (In Russian ы is not written after к, х, г, ж, ш, щ, ч. Hence и
is used if the stem
ends in any of the seven letters)
У
этой студентки есть
компьютер.
This girl has a computer.
У кого есть компьютер?
Who has computer?
Note:
Here студентка is used in the genitive
case as студентки as the noun after
preposition y
is required to be used in the genitive case.
Это комната.
This is a room.
Посреди комнаты стоит
стол.
The table
is in the middle of the room.
Где стоит
стол?
Where is
the table?
Note: Here комната is used in the genitive
case комнаты as the noun after
preposition посреди
is required to
be used in the genitive case.
Plural
студентка – студентки
(girl)
student –
(girl) students
комната – комнаты
room – rooms
In the case of plural noun with stem ending in
-а, the -а is omitted.
Note: If the stem ends with two
consonants, then a vowel
sound o
or e is
placed between the last two consonants for easy pronunciation.
студентка – студентки – студенток
комната –
комнаты – комнат
Сколько
студенток в
этой группе?
How many students are there in
this group?
Note:
Here студентки is used in the genitive
case студенток as the noun after
interrogative word сколько ...? is required to be used in the genitive plural always.
В
этом здании
две
комнаты
налево и пять
комнат
направо.
There are two rooms on the left
and five on the right in this building.
Note:
Here in “две комнаты” the комнаты is the genitive form of комната as the noun after
any cardinal number ending with 2, 3, and 4 is required to be used in genitive singular. In “пять комнат”
the комнат is the genitive
plural of комната as
in
Russian after the cardinal numbers 11, 12, 13,
14, and other cardinal numbers with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0,
as the
last digit require the noun they qualify to be used in Genitive plural always.
Feminine Nouns ending with –я
Singular
няня
nurse
песня song
In the case of feminine noun with
stem ending with -я, the -я is replaced by -и.
няня – няни
песня – песни
Няня дома?
Is the nurse is at home?
Няни нет дома.
The nurse is
not at home.
Note:
Here Няня is used in the genitive case as Няни as the noun after
negative word such as нет... , не было ... , не
будет ... сколько ...? is
required to be used in the genitive case.
Винот не
знает слова
этой песни
Vinod does not know the words
of the song.
Note: Here песня is used in the
genitive case песни to denote the
relationship between the слова and песня.
Plural
In the case of feminine noun with
stem ending in -я, the -я is replaced by -ь.
Exception: песня
– песен
Нина
любит больше
Павловну
среди
её нянь.
Nina loves Pavlovna more
among her nurses.
Note: Here Няни is used in the genitive case as Нянь
as the noun after the preposition среди
is required to be used in the genitive case.
Певица пела несолько песен.
The
singer sang several
songs.
Сколько песен певица пела?
How many
songs did the singer sing?
Note: Here песня is
used in the genitive case песен as the noun after
the word несолько
is required to be
used in the genitive plural.
Feminine Nouns ending with -ия
Singular
Мария
(This is a
proper noun)
Mary
аудитория
auditorium.
In the case of feminine noun ending
with -ия, the -ия is replaced by -ии.
Это машина Марии.
This is
the car of
Mary.
Чья это машина?
Whose
car is that?
Note: Here Мария is used in the
genitive case as Марии to denote the
relationship between the
машина and Марии.
Студенты отдыхают вне аудитории.
Students
are taking rest outside the auditorium.
Где отдыхают студенты?
Where are the students taking
rest?
Note:
Here аудитория is
used in the genitive case as аудитории as the noun after the preposition вне is required to be used in the genitive case.
Plural
аудитория – аудитории – аудиторий
auditorium – auditoria
Сколько аудиторий у вас
в
университете?
How many auditoria are in your university?
Note: Here аудитории is used in the genitive case
аудиторий as the noun
after the word несолько is required to be used in the genitive plural.
Feminine Nouns ending with -ь
Singular
лошадь horse
тетрадь
notebook
In the case of feminine noun ending
with -ь, the -ь is replaced by -и.
лошадь – лошади
тетрадь – тетради
Нельзя ставить телегу
впереди лошади
Don’t put the cart before the horse.
Note:
Here лошадь is used in the genitive case as лошади as the noun
after the preposition впереди is required to be used in the genitive case.
Джон попросил тетради.
John asked for some note books.
Чего Джон попросил?
What did John ask?
Note:
Here тетрадь is used in the genitive case
тетради as the noun
after certain verbs such as просить (to ask) требовать (to demand) is required to be used in the genitive case.
Plural
лошадь – лошади – лошадей
horse – horses
тетрадь – тетради – тетрадей
notebook – notebooks
In the case of feminine noun with
stem ending in -ь, the -ь is replaced by -ей.
лошадь – лошади – лошадей
Сейчас
у нас в
городе очень мало лошадей.
We have very
few horses in the city now.
Note:
Here лошади is used in the genitive case
лошадей as the noun
after the word мало is required to be used in the genitive plural.
Note:
Exception -1
мать –
матери – матерей
дочь –
дочери – дочерей.
Neuter Nouns ending with -о
Singular
окно window
письмо letter
слово word
In the case of neuter noun ending
with -о, the -о is replaced by -а.
окна
письма
слова
Ваза стоит
у окна.
The flower vase is at the window.
Где стоит
ваза?
Where is the flower vase?
Note:
Here окно is
used in the genitive case окна as the noun after the preposition у is required to be used in the genitive case.
Plural
окно – окна
window – windows
письмо – письма
letter – letters
слово – слова
word – words
In the case
of plural nouns of this category, the last letter -о is omitted.
окно – окна – окон
письмо – письма – писем
слово – слова – слов
Note: If the
stem ends with two consonants, then a vowel sound o or e is placed
between the last two consonants for easy pronunciation.
Сколько
писем ты
получил
вчера?
How many letters did you receive yesterday?
Note:
Here письма is used in the
genitive case
писем as the noun
after the word cколько is required to be used in the genitive plural.
Neuter Nouns ending with -e
Singular
море sea
полe field
In the case of neuter noun ending
with -е, the -е is replaced by -я.
море – моря
поле – поля
На берегу моря отдыхают
туристы.
The
tourists are taking rest on the sea shore.
Где отдыхают туриты?
Where
are the tourists taking rest?
Note:
Here море is used in the
genitive case
моря to denote the relationship
between the берег and море.
Plural
море – моря
полe – поля
In the case
of plural nouns of this category, the last letter -е is replaced by -ей.
море – моря – морей
полe – поля – полей
Сколько морей
во всём мире?
How many
seas are in the world?
Note:
Here моря is used in the
genitive case морей
as the noun
after the word cколько is required to be used in the genitive plural.
Neuter Nouns ending with –ue
Singular
здание
building
общежитие
hostel
In the case of neuter noun ending
with -ие, the -ие is replaced by -ии.
здание – здания
общежитие – общежития
Наш клуб находится
против
этого
здания.
Our club is situated opposite this
building.
Plural
здание – здания
building – buildings
общежитие – общежития
hostel – hostels
In the case
of plural nouns of this category, the last letters
-ие is replaced by -ий.
здание – здания – зданий
общежитие – общежития – общежитий
В новом
регионе уже
построили несколько
зданий.
Some buildings have already been
constructed in the new region.
Note:
Here здания is used in the
genitive case as зданий
as the noun after
the word неcколько is required to be used in the genitive plural.
Note: The accusative plural of nouns denoting inanimate objects is identical
with the nominative.
The accusative plural of nouns
denoting animate beings is identical with the genitive.
Nouns used only in the plural
take either masculine or feminine genitive endings.
Feminine
деньги
– денег
каникулы
– каникул
шахматы
–
шахмат
ботинки
–
ботинок
Masculine
овощи
–
овощей
фрукты
– фруктов
стихи
–
стихов
часы
–
часов
очки
–
очков
Neuter
singular
имя,
время
plural
(nominative) имени, времени
(genitive) имён, времён
Personal
Pronouns.
In Genitive Case the pronouns
also change according to case as follows:
я
–
меня
У меня есть
эта книга.
I have this book.
ты – тебя
У тебя есть
эта книга?
Do you have that book?
он/оно
–
него
У него есть
мотоцикл.
He has got a motorcycle.
она
– неё
Я пока не
получил
письо от неё.
I have
not yet received any letter from her.
мы
–
нас
Среди нас все говорят
по-английски.
All among us
speck English
вы – вас
У вас есть
компьютер?
Do you have computer?
они
– них
Cреди них все
любят спорт.
Everybody among them loves sport.
Reflexive Pronoun себя.
Reflexive pronoun себя (oneself) does not decline in
genitive case.
Нина положила сумку
около себя
She put the bag near to herself.
Джон
купил бритву
для себя.
John bought a shaving machine for himself.
Они посмотрели вокруг себя.
They looked around themselves.
Possessive Pronouns.
In the Genitive case the posessive pronouns decline as follows:
Possessive Pronouns мой, моё, моя, мои.
Possessive Pronouns мой/моё.
Possessive Pronoun мой/моё declines as follows:
я
– мой/моё – моего
I – my
Это мой брат.
This is my brother.
У
моего брата есть мотоцикл.
My brother has a motorcycle.
У
чьего брата есть мотоцикл?
Whose brother has motorcycle?
or
У кого есть мотоцикл?
Who has motorcycle?
я – моё – моего
I
– my
Это моё окно.
This is my window.
У моего окна стоит
ваза.
There is a flower vase at my
window.
Где стоит
ваза?
Where is the flower vase?
Possessive Pronoun: моя.
Possessive Pronoun моя declines as follows:
я
– моя – моей
I – my
Это моя сестра.
This is my bag.
Это мотороллер моей сестры.
This is the scooter of my sister.
Possessive Pronoun: мои.
Possessive Pronoun мои
declines as
follows:
я – мои – моих
I – my
Это мои друзья.
This is my friends.
Это поект
моих друзьей.
This is the project of my friends.
Possessive
Pronouns: наш, наше, наша, наши.
Possessive Pronouns
наш/наше.
Possessive Pronouns наш/наше
declines as follows:
мы
– наш/наше – нашего
we – our/our
Это наш дом.
This is our apartment.
Напрочив нашего дома есть
небольшой
сад.
There is small garden opposite to
our apartment.
мы
–
наше – нашего
we – our
Это
нашe
поле.
This is our apartment.
Напрочив нашего дома есть
небольшой
сад.
There is small garden opposite to
our apartment.
Это нашe поле.
This is our apartment.
Вокруг нашeго поля
есть
проволочная
изгородь.
There is wire fencing around our
field.
Possessive Pronoun: наша.
Possessive Pronoun наша
declines as follows:
мы –
наша – нашей
we – our
Это наша группа.
This is our group.
Максим
руководитель
нашей группы.
Maxim is the leader of our group.
Possessive Pronoun,
наши.
Possessive Pronoun, наши
declines as follows:
мы –
наши – наших
we – our
Это
наши друзья.
These are our friends.
Это спектакль наших друзьей.
This is the spectacle of our friends.
Possessive
Pronouns,
твой,твоё, твоя, твои.
Possessive Pronouns, твой/твоё.
Possessive Pronoun, твой/твоё declines as follows:
ты
– твой/твоё – твоего
you – your/your
Это твой брат.
This is your brother.
У твоего брата есть
компьютер?
Do your brother have a computer?
Это твое общежитие.
This is your hostel.
Это столовая твоего общежития.
This is the mess of your hostel.
Какая это столовая?
Which mess is that?
Possessive Pronoun, твоя.
Possessive Pronoun, твоя declines as
follows:
ты –
твоя – твоей
you – your
Это твоя
статья?
Is it your article?
Извините
ты не скажешь
название
твоей
статьи?
Excuse me could you tell me the title of your article.
Possessive Pronoun,
твои.
Possessive Pronoun, твои declines as
follows:
ты –
твои – твоих
you – your
Это
твои
статьи?
Are they your articles?
Это сборник твоих
статьей?
Is this the collection your article?
Possessive
Pronouns, ваш, ваше, ваша, ваши.
Possessive Pronouns,
ваш/ваше.
Possessive Pronouns, ваш/ваше declines as follows:
вы
– ваш/ваше – вашего
you – your/your
Это ваш кабинет.
This your office room.
Внутри вашего
кабинета есть
компьютер.
There is a computer inside your
office room.
Это
ваше
общежитие.
This your hostel.
Вокруг
вашего общежития есть
проволочная
изгородь.
There is wire fence around your
hostel.
Possessive Pronoun,
ваша.
Possessive Pronoun, ваша declines as
follows:
вы –
ваша – вашей
you – your
Это
ваша
машина?
Is this your car?
Это документ
вашей машины.
This is the document of your car.
Possessive Pronoun, ваши.
Possessive Pronoun, ваши declines as
follows:
вы
– ваши – ваших
Это
ваши
статья?
Are they your articles?
Я
бы хотел
деталь
ваших
статьей.
I would like to have the details
of your articles.
Possessive Pronouns, его, её, их.
Note: Possessive Pronoun, его, её, их do NOT decline.
Possessive Pronoun, его .
он/оно
– его
– его
he/it – his/its
Это его брат.
This is his brother.
Он
пока не
получил письмо от его брата.
He has not yet received any letter
from his brother.
Это его поле.
This is his field.
Окло
его поля есть
небольшое
озеро.
There is a small lake near his
field.
Это его школа.
This is his school.
Я
живу около его школы.
I live nearby his school.
Это его родители.
These are his parents.
Я не знаю адрес
его родителей.
I do not know the address of his parents.
Possessive Pronoun её
она – её – её
she –
her
Это её институт.
This is her
institute.
Нина живёт
около её
интитута.
Nina lives nearby
her institute.
Это
её
общежитие.
This is
her hostel.
Около её общежития есть
парк.
There is a park nearby her hostel.
Это её
учительница.
This is her teacher.
Это портфель её учительницы.
This is the file of
her teacher.
Это её учительницы.
This is
her
teachers.
У неё
есть
телефоны
её
учительниц.
She has the telephone number of her
teachers.
Possessive Pronoun,
их
они
– их – их
they – their
Это
их клуб.
This is their club.
Внутри их клуба есть читальный
зал.
There is a reading room inside
their club.
Это
их общежитие.
This is their hostel.
Нана
кафедра
находится
около их
общежития.
Our institute is situated nearby
their hostel.
Это их фабрика.
This is their factory.
Арун работает на
лаборатории
их фабрики.
Arun is working in the laboratory of their factory.
Это их сотрудники.
These are their colleagues.
Это совместный проект их сотрудников
This is the joint project of their
colleagues.
Possessive
Pronoun свой
Declension свой (one’s own)
Possessive Pronouns, свой/свое.
Possessive Pronoun, свой/свое declines as follows:
свой/свое
– своего
Винот
водит машину своего
отца.
Vinod
drives the car of his daddy.
Мохан чистит
стекло своего окна.
Mohan
cleans the glass of his window.
Possessive Pronoun:
своя
Possessive Pronoun своя declines as follows:
своя – своей
Максим
показывает
фотографию своей
сестры.
Maxim shows the picture of his
sister.
Possessive Pronoun:
свои
Possessive Pronoun свои declines as follows:
свои
–
своих
Студенты
смотрят
расписание
своих экзаменов.
The
students are looking at the timetable of their exams
Demonstrative Pronouns.
этот,
это, эта, эти
and
тот,
то, та, те
Demonstrative Pronouns этот/это
and тот/то
Demonstrative Pronouns
этот/это and тот/то decline as follows:
этот/это – этого
this
Я не
знаю имя
этого
студента.
I do not know the name of
this student.
Шарма
построил
это
здание пять лет
назад.
Sharma constructed
this building five years back.
Около
этого
здания
сейчас он
строит
другое
здание.
Near by this
building he is now constructing another building.
тот/то – того
that
Тот
студент
учится в
нашем институте.
Я не
знаю имя
того
студента.
That student is studying in our institute.
I do not know the name of that student.
Demonstrative Pronouns: эта and эта
Demonstrative Pronouns
эта and эта decline as follows:
эта – этой
this
Эта
актриса живёт
на нажей
улице. Но к
сожолению я
не вспомню
имя этой актрисы.
This actress is living in
our street, but unfortunately I do not know the name of this actress.
та
– той
this
Та
актриса живёт
на нажей
улице. Но к
сожолению я
не вспомню
имя той актрисы.
That actress is living in our street, but unfortunately I
do not know the name of that actress.
Demonstrative Pronouns: эти and те
Demonstrative Pronouns
эти and те decline as follows:
эти – этих
this
Эти
туристы
приехали
вчера. Я уже
встретил руководителя
этих
туристов.
This tourists came yesterday. I have already met the leader of these
tourists.
те
– тех
those
Те
туристы
приехали
вчера. Я уже
встретил руководителя
тех
туристов.
Those tourists came yesterday. I have already met the
leader of those tourists.
Demonstrative Pronouns: такой, такое, такая, такие
Demonstrative Pronouns: такой and такое
Pronouns такой and такое decline as follows:
такой/такое – такого
such
a
У вас есть
такой
карандаш?
Do you have such pencil?
Нет, у меня
нет такого карандаша.
No, I do not have such pencil.
Demonstrative Pronoun:
такая
Pronoun такая
declines as follows:
такая – такой
such
У вас
есть такая
рубашка?
Do you have such shirt?
Нет, у
меня нет такой
рубашки.
No, I do not have such pencil.
Demonstrative Pronoun:такие.
Pronoun такие
declines as follows:
такие qualifying plural nouns
такие – таких
such
У вас
есть такие
карандаши?
Do you have such pencil?
Нет, у
меня нет таких
карандашов.
No, I do not have such pencil.
Pronouns, весь,
вся, всё and все.
Pronouns, весь and всё.
Pronouns, весь and всё decline
as follows:
весь/всё – всего
whole, all, everybody, everything
Студенты
всего
института
собрались на стодионе.
The
students of the whole institute assembled in
the stadium.
Жители всего общежития
собрались в
столоой на
обед.
The inmates of the whole hostel
assembled in the mess for lunch.
Pronoun,
вся .
Pronoun, вся declines as follows:
вся – всей
whole, all, everybody, everything
Министр
говорят об
интересах
всей
страны.
The
minister is talking about the interests of the whole nation.
Pronoun,
все.
Pronoun
все declines as follows:.
все –
всех
whole, all, everybody, everything
Жители
всех квартир
собрались во дворе.
The
residents of all the quarters assembled in the courtyard.
Adjectives.
Adjectives
qualifying MASCULINE and NEUTER nouns.
Adjective with
stem ending in hard consonant
Adjective with stem ending in hard consonant declines as follows:
-ый/ое – -ого
новый/новое – нового
new
Это
мотоцикл нового студента.
This is the motorcycle of the
new student.
Это здание нового обшежития.
This is the building of the new
hostel.
Adjective ending with soft
consonant
Adjective with
stem ending in soft consonant declines
as follows: (-ий/-ее – -ого)
древний/древнее
– древнего
ancient
Это
картина древнего
порта.
This is a
picture of an ancient
port.
Adjectives whose stem ending in
ж, ш, ч, щ.
Adjectives whose stem ending in
ж, ш, ч, щ followed by UNSTRESSED ending
decline as follows:
-ий/-ее
– -его
хоро́ший/хоро́шее
– хоро́шего
good ... .
В
этом магазине
продают
товары хоро́шего
качства.
Products
of good quality are sold in this shop.
Adjectives whose stem ending in
ж, ш, ч, щ.
Adjectives
whose stem ending in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending
declines as follows:
-о́й/-о́е – -о́го
большо́й/большо́е
– большо́го.
Это
картина ‘большого
театра’ в
Москве.
This is the picture of the ‘bolshoi theatre’ of
Adjectives whose stem end in г, к, х.
Adjectives
whose stem end in г, к, х declines as follows:
-ой/-ое
– -ого
плохой/плохое –
плохого
bad
плохое качество
bad quality
Мы
не покупаем товары
плохого
качества.
We do not buy the products of low
quality.
The adjectives qualifying FEMININE
gender nouns.
Adjective
ending with hard consonant.
Adjectives ending with hard consonant
decline as follows:
-ая – -ой
новая – новой ...
new
Это новая актриса.
This is the new actress.
Это картина новой актрисы.
This is the picture
of the new actress.
Adjective
ending with soft consonant.
Adjective ending with soft
consonant declines as follows:
-яя – -ей
древняя – древней ...
ancient
Это древняя деревня.
This is an ancient village.
Это кафедра древней истрории.
This is the department
of ancient history.
Adjectives whose stem ends in
ж, ш, ч, щ.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by UNSTRESSED ending
decline as follows:
-ая – -ей
хоро́шая –
хоро́шей
good
Это
хорошая актриса.
This a good actress.
Это
портрет этой хорошей актрисы.
This is the portrait of this good
actress.
Adjectives whose stem ending in
ж, ш, ч, щ.
Adjectives
whose stem ending in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending
decline as follows:
-а́я
–
-о́й
больша́я – большо́й.
big
Это больша́я
школа.
This is
a big school.
Наш
институт
находится
около большо́й
школы.
Our
institute is situated near the big school.
Adjectives whose stem end in
г, к,
х
Adjectives whose stem end in г, к, х decline as follows:
-ая – -ой
тихая – тихой ...
silent
Это тихая деревня.
This is a silent village.
Посреди тихой деревни
находится
древний храм.
An ancient temple is situated in
the middle of
the silent village.
The adjectives
qualifying Plural nouns of all the genders.
Adjective
qualifying plural nouns.
Adjective qualifying plural nouns
ending with -ые and -ие
decline as
follows:
-ые – -ых; -ие – -их
новые – новых
древние – древних
Это сравочник
новых институтов.
This is the directory
of new institutes.
Это древние здания.
These are ancient buildings.
На
нашей улице
много древних зданий.
There are
several ancient buildings
in our street.
Formation of Interrogative
sentences
Question word Чей (чей, чья, чьё, чьи)
When an object is denoted in
terms of its possession by someone, the question is formed with the help of Чей.
Это мотоцикл нового студента?
This is the motorcycle of the new
student?
Чей это мотоцикл?
Whose motorcycle is that?
Это здание университета.
This is the building of the
university.
Question word –
какой
(какой
/какая/какое/какие
...)
When an object is denoted in
terms of its relationship with another object, the question is formed with the
help of какой / какая / какое /какие ...?
Какое это здание?
What kind/sort of
or Which building is that?
Джон сидит
посреди комнаты.
He sits in the middle of the room.
Question word –
Где
...?
When preposition denoting a
location of an object is used with noun in genitive case, the question is
formed with the help of
Где ...?
Где сидит Джон?
Where is John sitting?
Джон сидит
у окна.
John is sitting
near the window.
Максим
приехал вчера из Бангалура.
Maxim came
from
Question word –
откуда ...?
When preposition is used with
verb of motion with noun in genitive case, the question is formed with the help
of
откуда
...?
Откуда Максим приехал вчера?
Where did Maxim come from
yesterday?
Question word –
сколько
...?
When an object is used in
genitive case along with preposition denoting quantity, the question is formed
with the help of
сколько ...?
В
нашем
институте
учится
много
иностранных
студентов.
Several foreign students study in
our institute.
У
Аруна много иностранных друзьей.
Arun has several foreign friends.
У
Аруна сколько иностранных друзьей?
How many foreign friends Arun has?
Question word –
какое ...?
When genitive case is used to
denote date of a month, then какое
is used as the question word.
Сегодня пятое августа.
Today is fifth August.
Какое сегодня число?
What is the date today?
Сегодня пятое августа.
Today is fifth August.
Question word –
когда ...?
When genitive case is used to
denote date of an event, then когда is used as the question
word.
Университет
открывается первого июля.
The university opens on first July.
Когда
открывается
университет?
When does the university reopen?
Note:
It is evident that there is no particular
question word exclusively for Genitive case
Model Questions
used in genitive case.
Note: Read the following sentences carefully paying attention to the use of
genitive case and questions put to them
Папка
нашего преподавателя лежит на
столе.
The file
of our
lecturer lies on the table.
Чья
папка
лежит на
столе.
Whose file lies on the
table.
Тетради всех этих
студентов лежат
на шкафу.
The notebooks of all those
students lie in the shelf.
Чьи
тетради
лежат на шкафу.
Whose notebooks lie in the
shelf?
Брат
моей подруги
хорошо поёт.
Brother
of my girl-friend sings well.
Кто хорошо поёт?
Who sings well?
Университет
открывается
первого июля.
The university opens on first July.
Когда
открывается
университет?
When
does the university reopen?
Родители
этой студентки
живут
недалеко.
The parents of that student (girl) live nearby.
Кто живёт
недалеко?
Who stays nearby?
Джон
стоит около машины нашего ректора.
John stands nearby the car of
our rector.
Где стоит Джон?
Where is John?
Мы нашли книгу
своей
учительницы
в коридоре.
We found
the book of our teacher in the corridor.
Чью вы
нашли книгу в
коридоре?
Whose book did
you find in the corridor.
Джон будет
петь одну
песню после
всех этих
певцов
John
will sing one song after all these singers.
Когда
Джон будет
петь песню?
When will
John sing one song?
От Бангалура до
Майсура
140
километров.
The distance from
Сколько
километров
от Бангалура до Майсура?
What
is the
distance from
У всех моих
старых друзьей есть
мотоцикл.
All of my
friends have motorbike.
У кого есть мотоцикл?
Whos
all has motorbike?
В этом
магазине нет такой
рубашки.
Such shirt is not available in this shop.
В
этом
магазине
есть такая
рубашка?
Is such shirt available in this shop?
Я некогда
не видел такого
монитора
компьютера
I have
never seen such monitor of computer.
Вы
некогда
видели такой
монитор компьютера?
Have you
ever seen such monitor of computer?
Напротив входа вашего нового общежития есть
книжный
киоск.
There is a book-kiosk opposite to
the entrance gate of your new hostel.
Где есть книжный киоск?
Where
is the book-kiosk?
Среди моих новых
друзьей есть несколько
инотранных
студентов.
There are some foreign students
among my new friends.
Среди чьих
друзьей есть несколько
инотранных
студентов?
Аmong whose friends are the foreign students?
OR
Сколько
инотранных
студентов среди ваших новых
друзьей?
How many foreign students are
there among your friends?
Около этого нового
завода живёт
подруга Аруна.
The girl-friend of Arun lives near
by the new factory.
Где живёт
подруга Аруна?
Where does the grilfriend of Arun
live?
Университет
открывается
первого июля.
The university opens on first July.
Когда
открывается
университет?
When
does the university reopen?
Это проект
наших близких друзьей.
This
is a project of our our close friends.
Чей это проект?
Whose
project is that?
В нашей
группе три иностранного
студента
There
are three foreign students in our group.
Сколько инотранных
студентов в
вашей группе?
How
many foreign students are in your group?