Interjections
Interjections are words which express emotions and
exhortations but do not actually name them. As
a rule, interjections are not parts of the sentence. They form separate
interjectional sentences, expressing
exclamations or
exhortations
Ура!
Hurray
Ha!
Here
The commonest interjections which express emotions are:
ax
ah
ox
oh
yx
ouch
эх
oh
ой
oh
ай
oh
ого
oho
ara
aha
фу
ugh
6a
oh
увы
alas
ypa
hurray
An interjection is generally followed by a comma or
an exclamation mark and pronounced with special force.
In Russian the following onomatopoeic
words
are also considered as
interjections.
бух!
plonk!
бац!,
bang!
хлоп!
bang!
трах!
bang!
мяу!
miaow!
гав-гав
bow-wow!
xa-xa-xa
ha-ha-ha!
апчхй!
atchool!
динь-динь-динь
jingle-jingle!
кукареку
cock-a-doodle-doo!
Interjections may express various feelings: joy, delight, admiration, surprise,
regret, annoyance, fear, aversion, pain, etc .
Ax,
как хорошо на
море!
Ah, how good
it is at the see!
Ax,
какая
сегодня
погода!
Ah, what (wonderful)
weather we are having today I
In the above sentences the interjection Ax expresses
joy, delight, but it does not name this feeling.
In the following
sentence the interjection
6a
expresses astonishment.
Ба!
знакомые всё
лица. (Гриб.)
Oh, all familiar
faces!
In the following
example the interjection
на
expresses an exhortation to take something
На,
возьми
эти
книги!
Here, take these
books.
The interjection
тс expresses an
exhortation to silence.
Тс!
Не шумите.
Hush! Don't make such
a noise.
In the following
example the interjection
Ox
expresses annoyance
Ox,
как мне
это надоело!
Oh, how tired I am of
this!
In the following
example the interjection
Ой
expresses annoyance
Ой, боюсь!
Oh, I am afraid
(fear)
In the following
example the interjection
Эх
expresses reproach.
Эх,
ты! Как же ты
забыл?
Oh! How did you come to forget it?
In the following
example the interjection
Фу
expresses aversion.
Фу,
как
здесь грязно!
Ugh, how dirty it is
here.
In the following
example the interjection
Ура
expresses delight.
Ура!
Наша
команда
победила!
Hurray!
Our team has won!
Interjection
Ax has more than one meaning.
Ax, как здесь
хорошо!
Oh, how good it is
here!
(joy)
Ax,
как страшно
было на реке
в бурю!
Oh, how terrible it
was on the river in the storm!
(fear)
Ax,
как жаль, что
тебя с нами
не было.
Oh, what a pity you
weren't with us.
(regret)
Ах,
зачем ты это
сделал?
Oh, why should you have done this? (reproach)
The following
interjections have only one meaning:
ypa!
hurray! (delight, joy),
увы!
alas! (regret),
6a!
oh! (surprise),
спасибо!
thanks! (gratitude).
Interjections may
express different kinds of exhortation to perform an
action:
Interjections may
express a request for a reply;
алло
hullo
ay
hulloo
эй
hey
Interjections may express an invitation to take something;
на,
нате
here
Interjections may express an appeal for help;
караул
help
Interjections may express a call for silence;
тс, чш, шш, цыц
hush, sh
Interjections may express a demand to move on or stop;
марш!
quick march!
стоп!
stop!
вон!
get out!
но!
gee-up!
тпру!
Whoa!
брысь!
shoo!
As a rule, interjections are not parts of the sentence and form separate interjectional sentences,
expressing exclamations.
However, some interjectional sentences may incorporate objects or adverbial
modifiers:
Ну
тебя!
Bother you!
На
тебе книгу.
Here is a book for you.
Нате
вам книги.
Here are books for you.
Вон
отсюда!
Get out of here!
Аида
на Волгу!
Let's go to the
Спасибо
тебе.
Thank you
Rarely an
interjection may be used either as the predicate of a sentence or the subject::
Еду,
еду в чистом
поле, колокольчик
динь-динь-дйнь...
(П.)
I am driving across
a wide field, the bell goes ding-ding-ding.
Далече
грянуло ура.
(П.)
From a-far came a
thunderous hurray.
Other words or phrases may turn into interjections
if they lose their original meaning and come to express a feeling or
exhortation without naming it:
Господи!
Good
heavens!
Боже мой!
My God!
Батюшки!
Good gracious!
Матушки!
Good gracious!
Чёрт
возьми!
The devil take it!
Ox,
как я устал!
Oh, how tired I am
* * *