Complete And Short-Form  of  Participles

Participles active have the complete form only. Participles passive have  both   the complete  and  short   forms, like qualitative adjectives.

Read the Complete Short  Form Pairs

Прочитанная книга.

A book which has been read.   

Вопрос решён.

The question has been settled

 

Решённый вопрос.                                                   

A settled question.

Книга прочитана.

The book has been read.

 

Освещённое окно.                                                    

A lighted window.        

Окно освещено.

The window is lighted.

 

Открытые окна.        

Open windows.                                               

Окна открыты.

The windows are open.

 

Short-forms of passive participles have the suffixes -н- (прочитать to read  - прочитан; написать to write - написан), -ен- (-ён-) (ре­шить to decide - решён; выполнить to fulfill - выполнен) or -т-(открыть to open - открыт; занять to occupy - занят).

 

выполненная работа

completed work                                  

занятые места

occupied seat                                      

посеянная рожь

sowed rye

 

запертая дверь                                              

locked door

подписанный приказ                       

signed order

достигнутые успехи

attained success

 

замеченная ошибка                          

noted mistake

сказанное слово                                

the spoken word

про­данные билеты

sold tickets

 

восстановленный завод      

renovated factory

потерянное время                            

the lost time

открытый суд                                    

open court

 

Short-form of participles take the endings of short-form adjectives. They agree with their head nouns in gender and number.

Like short-form adjectives, short-form participles do not decline: they are used as the predicate of a passive construction.

 

План выполнен инженером.

The plan has been completed by the engineer.

 

План был выполнен инженером.

The plan was completed by the engineer.

 

План будет выполнен инженером.

The plan will be completed by the engineer.

 

 

Дверь открыта.

The door is open.

Дверь была открыта.

The door was opened.

Дверь будет открыта.

The door will be opened.

 

Задание выполнено студентом.

The task has been carried out by the student.

Задание было выполнено студентом.

The task was carried out by the student.

Задание будет выполнено студентом.

The task will be carried out by the student.

 

Unlike complete form participles, which are extremely rare in colloquial speech, short-form participles passive are widely used both in the literary language and in conversation.

 

In Modern Russian the short-form present participles passive of only a few verbs are used (любить to love, уважать to respect, ценить to value, хранить to keep, мучить to torture, угнетать to oppress, etc.).

 

 The use of these participles is restricted to the bookish language, and even there they occur but rarely.

 

Произведения этого писателя любимы народом.

This writer's works are loved by the people.

 

Народ любит произведения этого писателя. (active construction)

Reading public like this writer's work.

 

Он уважаем всеми товарищами.

He is respected by all his friends.

 

More frequently people say:

 

Все товарищи уважают его.

All his friends respect him.

 

Analyse the following sentences paying attention to the full and short forms of participles.

Статья для  этого журнала уже написана завтра.

The article for the magazine has already been written.

     

Статья, написанная Винотом, будет помещена в следующем номере журнала.

The article written by Vinod will be published in the next issue of the magazine.

 

На собрании было принято важное решение.

Important decision was taken at the meeting.

 

Решение, принятое на собрании, было уже проведено в жизнь.

The decision taken at the meeting has already been translated into action.

 

Эта книга уже прочитана.

This book has already been read.

 

Прочитанная книга сдана в библиотеку.

The book which was read has been returned to the library.

 

Все двери отрыты настежь.

All the door are open for fresh air.

 

В отрытые двери врывается свежий весенний ветер.

Fresh spring air blows on the opened doors.

 

Это общежитие построено в прошлом году.

This hostel was built last year.

 

Иностранные студенты  живут в только что построенном общежитии.

Foreign students stays in the recently built hostel.

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