Personal Pronouns.
Singular
First person
я is the first person (singular). It may be written in
capital as well as lower case type. For both the masculine and feminine there
is only one form
Second person
Ты is the second person (singular). It is
equivalent to English thou or singular You. It is equivalent to Hindi thu'. It is used to address children, members of the speakers
own family or his close friends. There is only one form for both the masculine
and feminine gender.
Please
note that ты cannot be used as equivalent to English You. In English, You represents both the singular and plural of second person singular,
whereas in Russian ты
represents only
second person singular.
Ты студент? Are you a student?
(The person addressed is the speaker's friend)
Third person
Third person pronouns in singular
form are divided into three depending on gender:
Он
for masculine
gender.
Она
for feminine gender.
Оно for neuter gender.
Please
note that он and она are used for animate as well as inanimate nouns. So they
mean he or it and she or it respectively
Eg.
Это дом.
This is
a house.
Он недалеко.
It is
not far away.
Here он is used as the noun дом
is
of masculine gender.
Это школа.
This is
a school.
Она недалеко.
It is
not far away.
Here она is
used as the noun школа
represented by it
is of feminine gender.
Plural
First person
Мы
may be used for first person singular also.
Second person
Вы
is used for
second person plural as well as second person singular with respect.
The pronoun вы is used:
1 for
addressing a number of persons or
2 as a polite form of address to one person.
Винот и
Сита, где вы?
Vinod and Sita, where are you?
Third person
Они represents both the animate as well as inanimate nouns.
Note:
This pattern i.e First, second,
and third person singular and then plural form will be continued throughout
this book
Nominative
case.
я
---
I
ты
---
you
он
---
he
она
---
she
оно
---
it
мы
---
we
вы
---
you
они
---
they
Prepositional Case
Personal Pronoun
In Russian the pronouns also
decline according to case as follows:
The interrogative words can be:
о ком about whom ?
о чём
about what
?
в/на ком in/on whom
?
в/на чём in/on what
?
я обо мне /в мне
I about me/ in
me
Я
артист. Вы не
слышали обо
мне?
I am
an artist. Havent you heard about me?
ты о/в/на тебе
you about/in/on you
Это
ты, Нина? Я
долго не
слышали о тебе.
Is it you, Nina? We have not heard about you for a long time
он о/в/на нём
he about/in/on him or it
Джон
хороший
певец.
John is a good singer.
Все знают
о нём.
Everybody knows about him.
Это
институт.
This is an institute.
Винот
всегда
думает о нём.
Vinod always thinks about it.
она
о/в/на ней
she about/in/on her or it
Это
моя подруга.
This is
my girl friend.
Я
буду
жениться
на ней.
I am
going to marry her.
Это наша
школа.
This is
our school.
Я учился в ней.
I
studied in it.
оно о/в/на нём
it about/in/on
it
Это
озеро.
This is
the lake.
Мы купаемся в нём.
We take
bath in it.
мы о/в/на нас
we about/in/on
us
Мы
иностранные
артисты.
We are foreign artists.
Вы
не слышали
о нас?
Havent you heard about
us
вы о/в/на вас
You about/in/on
you
Это
вы, Таня?
Tanya, is it you?
Я
всегда
думает о вас.
I always think about you.
они о/в/на них
they about/in/on the them
Они наши новые соседи.
They are our new neighbours.
Мы
слышали о них
раньше.
We heard
about them
earlier.
Это
журналы.
These are journals.
Мы
говорим о них.
We talk about them.
Please note the declension of
я and the preposition: обо мне.
он represents both the
living as well as non-living nouns. Hence
о нём means about him or about
it. Similarly
о ней means about
her or about
it.
Accusative Case
In Russian pronouns also change
according to case. You already know the personal pronouns such as:
1. ты (you)
тебя
2. он
(he)
его
3. она
(she)
её
4. оно (it
5. мы
(we)
нас
6. вы (you
7.
они
(they)
их
In accusative case these pronouns
decline as follows:
я (I)
меня
Это
я.
It is I
Меня зовут
Максим ?
They call
me Maxim
(My name is Maxim)
ты (you) тебя
Ты Максим?
Are you Maxim?
Суреш вспоминает
тебя.
Suresh remembers you
Кого Суреш вспоминает?
Whom does Suresh remember?
Please note that personal
pronouns representing inanimate nouns as objects also change.
он (he) его
(он
referring to
animate noun)
Это Арун (он).
This is Arun
(he)
Джон
знает его.
John knows him.
Кого Джон
знает?
Whom does John know?
он (it) его
(он referring to inanimate noun)
Это стол (он).
This is a table (it).
Нина вчера
купила его.
Nina bought it yesterday.
Что вчера
купила Нина?
What did Nina buy yesterday?
она (she) её
(она
referring to
animate noun)
Это Нина (она)
This is Nina (she)
Винот знает
её.
Vinod knows her.
Кого Винот
знает?
Whom does Vinod
know?
она (it) её
(она referring to inanimate noun)
Это книга (она) .
This is a book (it)
Джон читал
её
John read it.
Что читал Джон?
What did John read?
оно его
Это
радио (оно)
This is a radio (it)
Максим вчера
купил его.
Maxim yesterday bought it.
Что Максим вчера
купил?
What did Maxim buy yesterday?
мы
нас
Мы
студенты.
We are students.
Декан пригласил
нас.
The Dean invited us.
Кого декан
пригласил?
Whom did the Dean invite?
вы вас
Вы
русские?
Are you Russians?
Максим
видел вас вчера.
Maxim saw you yesterday.
Кого
вчера
Максим видел?
Whom did John see yesterday?
они их
(они
referring to
animate noun)
Они туристы.
They are tourists.
Джону же встретил их.
John has already met them.
Кого Максим встретил?
Whom has John already met?
они их
(они
referring to
inanimate noun)
Это книги.
These are books.
Рам
читает их сегодня.
Ram reads them today.
Что Рам читает сегодня?
What does Ram read today?
Genitive Case
In Genitive Case the pronouns
also change according to case as follows:
я
меня
У меня есть
эта книга.
I have this book.
ты тебя
У тебя есть
эта книга?
Do you have that book?
он/оно
него
У него есть
мотоцикл.
He has got a
motorcycle.
она
неё
Я пока не
получил
письмо от неё.
I have
not yet received any letter from her.
мы
нас
Среди нас все
говорят
по-английски.
All among us speck
English
вы вас
У вас есть
компьютер?
Do you have computer?
они
них
Cреди них все
любят спорт.
Everybody among them loves sport.
Dative Case
In Russian the pronouns also
change according to case as follows:
я
(I) мне/ко мне
Джон
часто звонит мне.
John often calls me
Кому Джон часто звонит?
Whom does John call often?
Джон
часто придёт ко мне.
John often comes to me.
Ко
кому Джон
часто идёт?
Who does John often goes to?
ты
(you) тебе/
к
тебе
Суреш позвонил тебе.
Suresh called you.
Кому Суреш
позвонил?
Whom did
Suresh call?
Утром
Суреш придёт к тебе.
Suresh will come to you in the evening.
Ко
кому Суреш идёт утром?
Who will
Suresh go to in the evening?
он/оно (he/it) ему
/к
нему
Джон заболел.
John is
sick.
Максим
помог ему?
Maxim helped him?
Кому
Максим
помог?
Who did
Maxim help?
Шарма врач.
Sharma
is a doctor.
Джон пошёл
к
нему
John went to him.
Ко кому Джон пошёл?
Who did John go to?
она
(she) ей /к ней
Это
Нина.
This is Nina
Вчера
Максим
позвонил
ей.
Yesterday
her mother telephoned her.
Кому
Максим
позвонил
вчера?
Whom did Maxim call yesterday?
Кто
пришёл к
Нине?
Who came
to Nina?
К ней пришёл Джон?.
John
came to her.
мы (we) нам/к нам
Мы учимся в университете.
We study in the university.
Наш
преподаватели
всегда
помогает
нам.
Our teachers always help us.
Вчера
к нам на
кафедру
пришёл наш
ректор.
Yesterday our rector came to us to
the department.
вы
(you) вам/ к вам
Где
вы были
вчера? Я
позвонил
вам
вчера.
Where were you yesterday? I
telephoned you yesterday.
Вечером
я бы хотел
прийти к вам.
I would like to come to you the
evening.
они
(they) ним/к ним
Они наши новые студенты.
They are our new students.
Мы
всегда
помогаем
им.
We always help them.
Сегодня
днём мы идём к ним.
We are going to them today
afternoon.
Note:
When the personal pronoun
of third person are used with preposition, then
н is added to the third
person pronouns for the sake of easy pronunciation. Thus ему, ей and им become к нему, к ней and к
кним.
If the object of destination is
non-living things в/на+ noun in Accusative case is used along with verb of motion.
Джон
часто идёт
в
университет
пешком.
John often to
the university on foot.
Whereas when the object of
destination is living being, then к/ко + noun in the Dative is used with the verb of motion.
Джон
часто придёт
ко мне.
John often comes
me.
Instrumental Case
In Russian the pronouns decline
in the instrumental case as follows:
я
(I) (со) мной
Джон,
ты идёшь
со мной в
кино сегодня?
John, are you
coming with me to a movie today?
ты
(you) (с)
тобой
Ты
едешь в
университет?
Я тоже еду
с тобой.
Are you going to the university? I
also come with you.
он/оно
(he/it) им / с ним
Это
новый
студент.
Винот уже встретился
с ним.
This is a new student. Vinod has already met him.
Это
красный
карандаш.
Мальчик
рисует им.
This is
a color pencil. The child draws with it
она (she) ей /c нею
Это моя
подруга. Ты
знакома с нею?
This is
my girl friend. Do you know her?
Это зубная щетка. Я чишу зубы ей.
This is
a tooth brush. I clean teeth with it.
Я учусь
с
нею в одной
группе.
I study
with her in one group.
мы
(we)
нами
Мы идём в
кино. Вы
хотите пойти
с нами.
We are going for a movie. Would
you like to come with us?
вы
(you)
вами
Мой
друг хочет
встретиться
с вами.
My friend wants to meet you.
они
(they) ими/с ними
Максим
и Джон наши
студенты. Вы
хотите
встртиться с ними?
Maxim and John are our students.
Do you want to meet them?
Это
красные
карандаши. Мы
рисуем
чертёжи ими.
These are colour
pencils. We draw drawings with them.
Note:
When the personal pronouns of third person
are used with prepositions c, за,перед, над, под, между, etc., then н is added to the third
person pronouns for the sake of easy pronunciation. Thus им, ей and ими become с ним, с нею, с ними