Prepositional case.
Introduction
There
are six cases in Russian.
1. Nominative
2. Prepositional
3. Accusative
4. Dative
5. Genitive and
6. Instrumental
Prepositional case is used
for conveying the meaning of LOCATION of something/somebody and the meaning of ABOUT in English
Note: Pay attention to the CHANGE of
ending (declension) in the prepositional case highlighted in pink colour and other related grammatical
element in orange
colour.
Prepositional
Case
Prepositions
Prepositions
used in Prepositional Case and their
Primary meanings.
в (во)
in/on/at (location)
на in/on/at (location)
о (об, обо)
about
Preposition
в
(во)
Preposition в denoting location of a person or
a thing.
в is used to denote location of a
person or a thing inside something. The basic meaning of в is in
Джон в комнате
John is in the room
Preposition в denotes the meaning of at or on in English
в sometimes denotes the meaning of at or on
in English
Телевизор стоят в углу.
The
television is at the corner.
Note: во is used in place of в if the noun starts with two consonant sounds.
во рту
in the
mouth
во дворе
in the
courtyard
Preposition
- на
Preposition на denotes the meaning of on in English.
Preposition на is used to denote location of a person or a thing
on the surface of something. The basic meanings of на is оn or at.
Книга на столе.
The book
is on the table.
Preposition на denotes the meaning of in in English.
The
preposition в can not be used along with certain nouns. In such cases preposition на is used with the exact meaning
of в. The list of nouns which require на is
given below. In this context на has the same meaning of in or on or
at.
Щам работает на заводе.
Shyam is
working in the factory.
Preposition
о
Preposition о (об) is equivalent to about in English
Нина думает о маме.
Nina is
thinking about mother.
Нина думает о компютере.
Nina is
thinking about computer.
Note: об is used in place of o if the word following it starts with a vowel sound.
об Индии
about
обо is used in place of o as an exception only with мне.
обо мне
about
me
Question
words:
1. где ...?
where …?
2. о ком ...?
who … about …?
3. о чём ...?
what … about … ?
4. на
ком ...?
5. в/на чём ...?
what …
in/on … ?
Noun.
The
declension of nouns, pronouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives in prepositional
case is discussed in this lesson.
The
declension is explained in this study material systematically as per the eleven
endings of nouns in nominative case explained in Lesson no. 2 of the previous
unit.
Noun
ending in hard consonant
a. Singular
парк
park
артист
artist
In the case of noun ending in
hard consonant, -е
is
added to the noun.
парк – в/на/о парке
park – in/on/at/about the park
артист– в/на/об артисте
artist – in/on/at/about the artist
Это парк.
This is a park.
Дети играют в парке.
Children are playing in
(the) park.
Где играют дети?
Where are the children playing?
Это артист.
This is an artist.
Мы думаем об артисте.
We are thinking
about (the) artist.
О ком вы думаете?
Who are you thinking about?
Note: О ком because артист
is a living
thing.
У
нас скоро
экзамен.
We have exam soon.
Студенты
думают об экзамене
Students are thinking
about (the) exam.
О чём думают студенты?
What are the students thinking about?
Note:
О чём because экзамен is a non-living.
Noun ending in hard consonant in
the singular and its plural form
b. Plural
артист – артисты
artist – artists
In the case
of plural noun ending in hard consonant in singular -ах is added as suffix to the noun.
артисты – в/на/об артистах
artists – in/on/at/about the artists
Это артисты.
This is an artists.
Мы думаем об артистах.
We are thinking
about (the) artists.
парк –
парки
park – parks
парки – в/на/о
парках
parks –
in/on/at/about the parks
Это парки.
These are parks.
Дети играют в парках.
Children are playing in (the) parks.
У
нас скоро
экзамены.
We have exams soon.
Студенты
думают об экзаменах
Students are thinking
about (the) exams
Noun
ending with -й
a. Singular
герой hero
музей museum
In the case
of noun ending in -й, the -й is replaced
by -е
герой – в/на/о героe
hero – in/on/at/about the hero.
музей – в/на/о музеe
museum – in/on/at/about the museum
Это герой.
This is a hero.
Люди думают о герое
People are thinking
about
the hero.
О ком думают Люди?
Who
are the people thinking about?
Это музей
This is a museum
Туристы сейчас в музее.
The tourists are now in the
museum.
Где сейчас туристы?
Where are the tourists now?
b. Plural
Noun ending in -й in the singular and
its plural form
герой – герои
heroes
музей – музеи
museums
In the case
of noun ending with -й in the
singular the -й is
replaced by -ях.
герои – в/на/о героях
heroes – in/on/at/about the heroes.
музеи – в/на/о музеях
museums – in/on/at/about the museums
Это герои.
These are heroes.
Люди думают о герорях
People are thinking
about the heroes.
О ком думают студенты?
Who are the people thinking
about?
Это
музеи
These are
museums
Туристы
сейчас в музеях.
The tourists are now in the
museums.
Где сейчас туристы?
Where are the tourists now?
Noun
ending in -ий
a Singular
санаторий
sanatorium
In the case of noun ending in
–ий, the -ий is replaced by -ии
санаторий – в/на/о санатории
sanatorium – in/on/at/about
sanatorium
Это санаторий.
This is
a sanatorium.
Иван сейчас
отдыхает
в санатории.
Ivan is
now taking rest in the sanatorium.
Где отдыхает Иван?
Where is Ivan taking rest?
b Plural
Noun ending in -ий in the singular and its plural form.
санаторий – санатории
sanatorium – sanatoriums
In the case
of plural noun ending in -ий in
the singular -ий is replaced by -иях.
санатории – в/на/о санаториях
sanatoriums – in/on/at/about
sanatoriums
Это санатории.
This is
a sanatoriums.
Мои
друзья
сейчас
отдыхают
в санаториях.
Ivan is
now taking rest in the sanatoriums.
Где отдыхает твои друзья?
Where are your friends taking rest?
Masculine
Noun ending in -ь
a Singular
учитель teacher
словарь dictionary
In the case of masculine noun ending in
-ь in the singular, the -ь is replaced by -е
учитель – в/на/о учителе
teacher – in/on/at/about (the) teacher
Это учитель
This is a teacher.
Ученик вспоминает об
учителе.
The pupil is thinking about the
teacher.
Masculine Noun ending in -ь in the singular and its plural form.
b Plural
словарь – словари
dictionary – dictionaries
In the case
of plural nouns ending in soft consonant, the -ь is replaced by -ях.
словари – в/на/о словарях
dictionaries – in/on/at/about dictionaries
Это словари.
These are dictionaries.
Киран
писал статью
о
словарях.
Kiran wrote an article about
dictionaries.
О
чём Киран
писал статью.
What
did Kiran write the article about?
Feminine Gender
Feminine Noun ending in -а
a. Singular
студентка (girl) student
комната room
In the case of noun ending in
-а, the -а is replaced by -е.
студентка – в/на/о студенткe
(girl)
student – in/on/at/about student
комната – в/на/о комнатe
room – in/on/at/about room
Это студентка.
This is a (girl) student.
Учитель думает о студентке.
The
teacher thinks about the student.
О ком думает учитель?
Who
does
the teacher think about?
Это комната.
This is a room.
Стол стоит
в комнате.
The table
is in the
room.
Где стоит
стол?
Where is
the table?
Feminine Noun
ending in -а in the singular and its
plural form.
b. Plural
комната –
комнаты
room – rooms
In the case of plural noun ending in -а, the -а is replaced by -ах.
комнаты – в/на/о комнатах
rooms – in/on/at/about rooms
Это комнаты.
These are rooms.
Столы стоят
в комнатах.
The
tables are in
the rooms.
Где стоят
столы?
Where are
the tables?
Feminine Noun ending in -я
a Singular
деревня aunt
няня nurse
In the case of feminine noun ending
with -я, the -я is replaced by -е.
деревня – в/на/о деревне
village – in/on/at/about village
Это деревня.
This is a village.
Сита живёт в деревне.
Sita is living in
a village?
Где
живёт Сита?
Where is Sita living?
Это няня.
This is
a nurse.
Джон вспоминает о няне.
John remembers
about the nurse.
О ком вспоминает Джон?
Who does John remember about?
b. Plural
Noun ending in -я in the singular and its plural form.
деревня – деревни
village – villages
In the case
of plural noun ending in -я in the singular, the -я is replaced by -ях.
деревни – в/на/о
деревнях
villages –
in/on/at/about
villages
Это деревни.
These are villages.
Крестьяне живут в деревнях.
Farmers
live in the villages.
Где
живут крестьяне?
Where do farmers live?
Feminine Noun ending with -ия
a Singular
аудитория
auditorium
In the case of noun ending in
-ия, the -ия is replaced by -ии.
аудитория
– в/на/о
аудитории.
auditorium – in/on/at/about auditorium.
Это аудитория.
This is the auditorium.
Студенты сидят
в аудитории.
Students
sit in the
auditorium.
Где сидят студенты?
Where do students sit?
b Plural
Noun ending in -ия
in the singular and its plural form.
аудитория – аудитории
auditorium – auditoriums
In the case of plural nouns of same
category, the last letter
-ии is replaced by -иях.
аудитории –
в/на/о аудиториях.
auditoriums – in/on/at/about
auditoriums.
Это аудитории.
These are auditoriums.
Студенты сидят
в аудиториях.
Students
sit in the auditoriums.
Где сидят студенты?
Where do students sit?
Feminine Noun ending with -ь
a Singular
тетрадь notebook
дверь door
кровать cot
In the case of noun ending in
-ь, the -ь is replaced by -и.
тетрадь – в /на/о тетради
note-book – in/on/at/about the note-book
Это тетрадь
This is a note-book.
Ученик пишет
в тетради.
Pupil
writes in the note-book.
Где пишет
ученик?
Where does pupil write?
b Plural
Feminine Noun ending in -ь in the singular and its plural form.
тетрадь – тетради
note-book – note-books
In the case
of plural nouns ending in soft consonant in the singular, the
-ь is replaced by -ях.
тетради – в /на/о тетрадях
note-books – in/on/at/about the note-books
Это тетради
These are
note-books.
Ученики пишут
в тетрадях.
Pupils
write in the note-books.
Где пишут
ученики?
Where do the pupils write?
Neuter Gender
Neuter Nouns ending in -о
a. Singular
окно window
письмо letter
слово word
In the case of noun ending in
-о, the -о is replaced by -е.
письмо – в /на/о письме
letter – in/on/at/about
the letter
Это письмо
This is a letter.
Максим думает о письме.
Maxim
thinks about the letter.
О чём думает Максим?
What does Maxim think about?
b Plural
Neuter Nouns ending in -о in the singular
and its plural form.
письмо – письма
letter – letters
In the case
of plural nouns ending in -о in the singular,
the -о is replaced
by -ах.
письма – в /на/о письмах
letters – in/on/at/about
the letters
Это письма
These are letters.
Максим думает о письмах.
Maxim
thinks about
the letters.
О чём думает Максим?
What does Maxim think about?
Neuter Noun ending in
-e
a Singular
море sea
полe field
In the case of noun ending in
-е,
there is no change.
поле – в/на/о поле
field – in/on/at/about field
Это поле
This is a field.
Крестьяне работают в поле.
Farmers
work in the field.
Где работают крестьяне?
Where do farmers work?
Neuter Noun ending in -e in the singular and its
plural form.
b Plural
Noun ending in -e and its plural form.
полe – поля
field – fields
In the case
of plural noun ending in -e, the -e is
replaced by -ях. in the singular
поля – в/на/о полях
fields – in/on/at/about fields
Это поля
These are fields.
Крестьяне работают в полях.
Farmers
work in the fields.
Где работают крестьяне?
Where do farmers work?
Neuter Noun ending in –ие.
a Singular
здание
building
общежитие
hostel
In the case of noun ending in
-ие, the -ие is replaced by -ии.
общежитие - в/на/о общежитии
hostel - in/on/at/about the hostel
Это общежитие
This is a hostel.
Максим живёт в общежитии.
Maxim
lives in the hostel.
Где живёт Максим?
Where does Maxim live?
b Plural
Noun ending in -ие in the singular and its plural form.
общежитие
– общежития
hostel – hostels
In the case
of plural noun ending in -ие in singular, the -ие is replaced by -иях.
общежития – в /на/о общежитиях
hostel – in/on/at/about the hostel
Это общежития
These are hostels.
Студенты живут в общежитиях.
Students
live in the hostel.
Где живут студенты?
Where do students live?
Note:
The neuter nouns ending with -мя will change in the
following way:
знамя – в/на/о знамени;
flag –
in /on/at/about the
flag
знамени –
в/на/о знаменях;
flags
– in /on/at/about the
flags
время – в/на/о времени
time –
in /on/at/about the time
времени – в/на/о временях
times –
in /on/at/about the
times
имя – в/на/об имени;
name -
in /on/at/about
name
Summary
The eleven
groups of noun and their declension in prepositional case can be summarized as
follows:
Ending: Singular:
-е or -и or -ии
Plural: -ах or
-ях
Preposition:
в
(во)... , на ... , о
(об/обо) ...?
Question words:
Где...? О ком...? О чём...?
Note: Unstressed ах and ях pronounced as [ъх]
Note:
The Word путь (way) is the only
masculine noun ending in a soft consonant which follows the
declension pattern of the word дверь. The genitive, dative and
prepositional singular of
путь is пути.
Note: A number of Russian neuter nouns ending in -o or -e and masculine and feminine nouns ending in -и and -y are indeclinable:
пальто
overcoat
метро underground
кино cinema
какао cocoa
радио
radio
кафе cafe
Конго Congo
кофе (m) coffee
Моё пальто
my coat
мои пальто
my coats
в пальто
in the coat
кино (в кино) movie (in the movie)
Мэри, Чили, Перу
Exceptions. Nouns ending with.
Certain nouns taking irregular ending
-у with preposition в in the
singular have regular ending when they collocated with preposition о or на. These nouns should be remembered.
в саду – in the
garden
о саде – about the garden
в/о садах –
in/about the gardens
в лесу – in the wood
о лесе – about the wood
в/о лесах –
in /about
the woods
на берегу –
on the
bank
о береге –
about the bank
в/о берегах –
on/about the banks
на мосту –
on the bridge
о мосте –
about the bridge
в/о мостах –
on/about the bridges
в порту/порте – in the port
о порте/порте –
about the port
в/о портах –
in/about the ports
в ряду –
in the row
о ряде –
about the
row
в/о рядах –
in/about the rows
в углу –
in the corner
о угле –
about the corner
в/о углах –
in/about the corners
в/на шкафу – in the cupboard
о шкафе
– about the cupboard
в/о шкафах
–
in/about the cupboards
на полу –
on the floor
о поле –
about the
floor
на/о полях –
on/about the floors
на снегу – on
ice
о снеге
– about
ice
на/о снегах –
on/about ices
в аэропорту/аэропорте – at the airport
о аэропорте –
about
the airport
в/о аэропортах – at/about
the airport
в году –
in the year
о годе –
about the
year
в/о годах –
in/about the years
в
носу –
in the nose
о носе –
about the nose
в/о носах
–
in/about the noses
в глазу –
in the eye
о глазе – about the eye
в/о глазах
–
in/about the eyes
во рту/рте
–
the mouth
о
рте –
about the mouth
в/о ртах –
in/about the mouths
в
тылу –
in the rear
о тыле –
about the
в/о тылах –
in/about the rearms
в
плену –
in captivity
о плене – about captivity
в/о пленах –
in/about the captivities
в
Крыму –
in the
о Крыме – about the Crimea
на
лугу –
in the meadow
о луге –
about the meadow
в/о лугах –
in/about the meadows
на
лбу –
in the forehead
о лбе –
about the forehead
в/о лбах –
in/about the foreheads
на носу –
on the nose
о носе –
about the nose
в/о носах –
in/about the noses
на посту –
at one's post
о
посте –
about one's post
в/о постах –
in/about the posts
на Дону –
on the (river) Don.
о
Доне –
about the (river)
Don
Read the following sentences
carefully paying attention to the ending along with the preposition в, на and о
Это сад.
This
is a garden.
Мы отдыхаем
в саду.
We
take rest in the garden.
Нина думает о саде.
Nina
thinks about the garden.
Люди гуляют в садах.
People
have stroll in the gardens.
Это лес.
This
is a forest.
Мы гуляем в лесу.
We have a stroll in the forest.
Мы думаем о лесе.
We think about the forest.
Мы думаем о лесах.
We think about the forests.
Question
words to put question to noun in the prepositional case:
1. где ...?
where …?
2. о ком ...?
who … about …?
3. о
чём ...?
what … about … ?
4. на
ком ...?
5. в/на
чём ...?
Question
word : Где …?
Где ...? is used to put question in the case of location.
Где Джон?
Where is John?
Джон в классе.
John is in
the class
Question word. о
ком ...? about
whom …?
О ком …? is used if the noun referred to is
a person or a living thing.
Нина думает о маме.
Nina is
thinking about mother.
О ком думает Нина?
Who is Nina thinking about?
Question
word : о чём ...? about what…?
О чём ...? is used if the noun referred to is
a non-living thing.
Нина думает о компьютере.
Nina is
thinking about computer.
О чём думает Нина?
What is Nina thinking about?
Question word :
на
ком ...?
Джим
женился на
Делле.
Jim married Della.
На
ком
женился Джим?
Whom did
Jim marry?
Question
word: в/на
чём ...?
На чём он сидит?
What is he sitting on?
В чём дела?
What is
the matter?
Personal Pronoun
In Russian the pronouns also
decline according to case as follows:
The interrogative words can be:
о ком – about whom …?
о чём
– about what
…?
в/на ком – in/on whom …?
в/на чём – in/on what …?
я – обо мне /в мне
I – about me/ in
me
Я
артист. Вы не
слышали обо
мне?
I am
an artist. Haven’t you heard about me?
ты – о/в/на тебе
you – about/in/on you
Это
ты, Нина? Я
долго не
слышали о тебе.
Is it you, Nina? We have not heard about you for a long time
он – о/в/на нём
he – about/in/on him or it
Джон –хороший певец.
John is a good singer.
Все знают
о нём.
Everybody knows about him.
Это институт.
This is an institute.
Винот
всегда
думает о нём.
Vinod
always thinks about it.
она
– о/в/на ней
she – about/in/on her or it
Это
моя подруга.
This is
my girl friend.
Я
буду
жениться
на ней.
I am
going to marry her.
Это наша
школа.
This is
our school.
Я учился в ней.
I studied in
it.
оно – о/в/на нём
it – about/in/on
it
Это
озеро.
This is
the lake.
Мы купаемся в нём.
We take
bath in it.
мы – о/в/на нас
we – about/in/on
us
Мы
иностранные
артисты.
We are foreign artists.
Вы
не слышали
о нас?
Haven’t you heard about
us
вы – о/в/на вас
You – about/in/on
you
Это
вы, Таня?
Tanya, is it you?
Я
всегда
думает о вас.
I always think about you.
они – о/в/на них
they – about/in/on the them
Они – наши новые соседи.
They are our new
neighbors.
Мы
слышали о них
раньше.
We heard
about them
earlier.
Это
журналы.
These are journals.
Мы
говорим о них.
We talk about them.
Please note the declension of
я and the preposition: обо мне.
он represents both the
living as well as non-living nouns. Hence
о нём means about him or about
it. Similarly
о ней means about
her or about
it.
Reflexive pronoun: себя
(oneself )
The reflexive pronoun себя oneself always refers to the
performer of the action and decline in the prepositional case as follows:
себя - себе
Я
всегда думаю
о себе.
I always think
about myself.
Ты
всегда
думаешь о себе?
Do you always think
about yourself.
Он
всегда
думает о себе.
He always thinks
about himself.
Она
всегда
думает о себе.
He always thinks
about herself
Мы всегда думаем о себе?
We always think about ourselves.
Вы
всегда
думаете о себе.
You always think about yourself.
Они
всегда
думают о себе.
They always think
about themselves
Reflexive pronoun: себя
(oneself )
The reflexive pronoun себя oneself always refers to the
performer of the action and decline in the prepositional case as follows:
себя - себе
Я
всегда думаю
о себе.
I always think
about myself.
Ты
всегда
думаешь о себе?
Do you always think
about yourself.
Он
всегда
думает о себе.
He always thinks
about himself.
Она
всегда
думает о себе.
He always thinks
about herself
Мы всегда думаем о себе?
We always think about ourselves.
Вы
всегда
думаете о себе.
You always think about yourself.
Они
всегда
думают о себе.
They always think
about themselves
Possessive Pronouns
You
have already learned in lesson No 3 and 4 that pronouns, possessive pronouns as
well as adjectives decline according to gender and number of the noun they
qualify in the nominative case.
In the Nominative case the Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives decline as
follows:
Singular.
Masculine
gender
мой новый
мотоцикл
my new
motorcycle
Singular.
Feminine
gender
моя новая машина
my new
car
Singular.
Neuter
gender
моё новое письмо
my new
letter
Plural .
All the three genders.
мои новые мотоциклы/машины/письма
my new
motorcycles/cars/letters
In the prepositional case too the possessive pronouns and adjectives
decline.
The interrogative word Чей used to put question to possessive pronouns
also decline.
Possessive Pronouns
мой, моё, моя and мои.
Possessive
Pronoun мой/моё.
Possessive Pronouns мой/моё qualifying singular masculine and neuter
gender noun decline as follows:
мой/моё
–
моём
я
– мой/моё -
о/в/на моём …
I – my
- about/in/on/at
my …
Это мой брат.
This is my brother.
Я
всегда думаю
о моём брате.
I always think about
my brother.
Это моё поле.
This is my
поле.
Я
всегда думаю
о моём поле.
I always think about my
field.
Possessive
Pronoun моя.
Possessive Pronoun моя qualifying singular feminine noun declines as follows:
моя
–
моей
я
– моя
о/в/на
моей ...
I – my about/in/on/at
my…
Это моя сумка.
This is my bag.
Нина
спрашивает
о моей сумке.
Nina asks about
my bag.
Possessive
Pronoun мои.
Possessive Pronouns мои qualifying plural
noun of all the genders declines as follows:
мои
-
моих
я – мои о/в/на
моих ... .
I – my about/in/on/at my… .
Это мои друзья.
This is my friends.
Я
всегда думаю
о моих друзьях.
I always
think
about my
friends.
Possessive
Pronouns наш, наше, наша and наши.
Possessive
Pronoun наш/наше.
Possessive Pronouns наш/наше qualifying singular masculine and
neuter gender noun declines as follows: (наш/наше - нашем)
мы
– наш/наше о/в/на
нашем ...
we – our about/in/on/at
our …
Это наш дом.
This is our apartment.
Мария
живёт в нашем доме.
Maria lives in
our apartment.
Possessive
Pronoun наша.
Possessive Pronouns наша qualifying singular feminine noun declines as follows:
наша
-
нашей
мы – наша о/в/на
нашей
we
– our about/in/on/at
our …
Это наша группа.
This is our group.
Максим
учится в нашей группе.
Maxim studies in
our group.
Possessive
Pronoun наши.
Possessive Pronouns наши qualifying plural
noun of all the genders declines as follows:
(наши - наших)
мы – наши о/в/на
наших
we
– our about/in/on/at
our …
Это наши тетради.
These are our notebooks.
В наших
тетрадях есть
ошибки.
There are mistakes in our notebooks.
Possessive
Pronouns твой, твоё, твоя and твои.
Possessive
Pronoun твой/твоё.
Possessive Pronouns твой/твоё qualifying singular masculine and
neuter gender noun declines as follows: (твой/твоё - твоём)
ты
– твой/твоё о/в/на твоём ...
you – your about/in/on/at
your …
Это твой компьютер?
Is this your computer?
Мы
говорим о твоём
компьютере.
We are talking about
your computer.
Possessive
Pronoun твоя.
Possessive Pronouns твоя qualifying singular feminine noun declines as follows:
твоя
-
твоей
ты – твоя о/в/на
твоей ...
you
– your
about/in/on/at
…
Это твоя статья?
Is it your article?
Джон
сказал о твоей
статье.
John talked about
your article.
Possessive
Pronoun твои.
Possessive Pronouns твои qualifying plural noun of all the genders
declines as follows:
(твои - воих)
ты – твои о/в/на
твоих ...
you
– your
about/in/on/at
…
Это твои статьи?
Are they your articles?
Джон
сказал о твоих статьях.
John talked about
your articles.
Possessive
Pronouns ваш, ваше, ваша and ваши.
Possessive
Pronoun ваш/ваше.
Possessive Pronouns ваш/ваше qualifying singular masculine and
neuter gender noun declines as follows:
ваш/ваше
-
вашем
вы
– ваш/ваше о/в/на вашем ...
you – your
about/in/on/at your …
Это ваш институт?
Is that your institute?
Джон
учится в вашем
институте?
Is John studying in
your institute?
Possessive
Pronoun ваша.
Possessive Pronouns ваша qualifying singular feminine noun declines as follows:
ваша
-
вашей
вы – ваша о/в/на
вашей
you
– your
about/in/on/at
your…
Это ваша машина?
Is this your car?
Нина
пришла на вашей
машине?
Did Hina come by
your car?
Possessive
Pronoun ваши.
Possessive Pronouns ваши qualifying plural
noun of all the genders declines as follows:
ваши
–
ваших
вы
– ваши о/в/на ваших
...
you – your
about/in/on/at your …
Это ваши статья?
Are they your articles?
Джон
писал о ваших статьях.
John wrote about
your articles.
Possessive Pronouns
его, её, and их.
Note: Possessive Pronouns его, её, and их do not decline in propositional or any other cases
Possessive
Pronoun его.
(No change)
он
– его об/в/на его ...
he his about/in/on/at his
Это его мотоцикл.
This is his motorcycle.
Сегодня
я еду домой
на его
мотоцикле.
I am going home on his motorbike
today.
Это его машина.
This is his car.
Нина
пришла на его машине.
Nina came by his car.
Это его романы.
These are his novel.
Нина
читает об его романах.
Nina is reading about
his novels.
Possessive
Pronoun её.
(No change)
она
– её об/в/на её ...
she – her about/in/on/at her
Это её
альбом.
This is her album.
Его фотография в её альбоме
His photograph is in her album.
Это её
учительница.
This is her
teacher
Они
говорят об её
учительнице.
They are talking about
her teacher.
Это её
учительницы.
This is her teachers
Она
вспоминает
об её
учительницах.
She is remembering about
her teachers.
Possessive
Pronoun их. (No change)
они
– их об/в/на их
they
– their about/in/at their
Это их клуб.
This is their club.
Джон
вчера был
в их клубе.
John was in
their club yesterday.
Это их фабрика.
This is their factory.
Арун
работает
на их
фабрике.
Arun is working at
their factory.
Это их альбомы.
These are their albums.
Я
думаю об их альбомах.
I am thinking about
their
albums.
Possessive Pronouns свой, своя, своё and свои.
Possessive Pronouns свой/своё.
Pronoun свой/своё qualifying singular masculine/neuter noun declines as follows:
свой/своё
–
своём
свой/своё – в/на/о своём ...
one’s own –
in/on/at/about one’s own …
Это
Винот.
This is
Vinod
Рядом
свой стол.
His table is nearby.
Винот
положил
книги на своём столе.
Vinod put books on
his table.
Possessive Pronoun своя.
Pronoun своя qualifying singular
feminine noun declines as follows:
своя – своей
своя
– в/на/о своей
...
one’s own –
in/on/at/about one’s own …
Это Нина.
This is Nina.
Там же её комната.
Her room is nearby.
Нина
сидит в своей
комнате.
Nina is sitting in
her room.
Possessive Pronoun свои.
Pronoun свои qualifying plural nouns of all the genders declines as follows: (свои - своих)
свои – в/на/о своих ...
one’s own –
in/on/at/about one’s own …
Это студенты.
These are students.
Это их тетради.
These are their note-book.
Студенты пишут
в своих тетрадях
Students write in
their
note-books.
Question words: чей, чья, чьё and чьи.
Question
words: чей/чьё.
Question
word чей/чьё used to put
question to possessive pronoun qualifying masculine and neuter gender
noun declines as follows:
чей/чьё –
чьём
Чей это
мотоцикл?
Whose motorbike is that?
На чьём
мотоцикле ты
едешь домой
сегодня?
On
whose motorbike you are going home today?
Question
word : чья.
Question
word чья used to put
question to possessive pronoun qualifying feminine gender noun declines as follows:
чья – чьей
Чья
это статья?
Whose article is that?
О чьей статье сказал Джон?
Whose
article John
talked about?
Question
word : чьи.
Question
word чьи used to put
question to possessive pronoun qualifying plural noun of all the genders decline as follows:
чьи –
чьих
Чьи
это статьи?
Whose articles are that?
О чьих статьях сказал Джон?
Whose articles did John
talk about?
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns этот, эта, and эти and тот, та, то and те.
Demonstrative
Pronouns: этот/ это and тот/то.
The demonstrative pronouns
этот/ это and тот/то decline as follows:
этот /это
– этом
тот /то –
том
этот /это – в/на/об
этом
this - in/on/at/about this
Этот институт новый.
This / that institute is new.
Cита учится в этом/том
институте.
Sita is studying in this /that
institute.
Это
общежитие
новое.
Киран живёт в этом
общежитии.
Kiran is living in
this hostel.
тот /то –
в/на/об
том
that - in/on/at/about that
То общежитие новое.
That hostel is new.
Киран
живёт
в
том общежитии.
Kiran
is living in that hostel.
Demonstrative Pronouns эта and та.
The demonstrative pronouns
эта and та decline as follows:
эта –
этой
та –
той
эта
– в/на/об
этой
this -
in/on/at/about
this
Эта школа
новая.
This school is new.
Сона сейчас
учится в этой
школе.
Sona is studying now in
this school.
та –
в/на/об
той
that -
in/on/at/about
that
Та улица
новая.
That street is new.
В той улице
мало
магазинов.
There
are few shops in that street.
Demonstrative Pronouns эти and те.
The demonstrative pronouns
эти and те decline as follows:
эти
–
этих
те - тех
эти –
в/на/об этих
these - in/on/at/about
these
Эти институты новые.
These institutes are new.
В этих
институтах
учится много
иностранных
студентов.
Many foreign students are studying
in these
institutes.
те -
в/на/об
тех
those - in/on/at/about those
Те институты тоже новые.
Those institutes are also new.
В тех
институтах тоже
учится много
иностранных
студентов.
Many foreign students are also
studying in those
institutes.
Adjective
In Russian, the adjective declines according to gender,
number and case of the head noun it qualifies. The last two letters of the
adjective keep changing according to gender, number and case.
The interrogative word
какой used to put question to adjective also declines according
to the gender, number and case.
Аdjectives qualifying singular masculine and neuter gender
noun.
Аdjectives qualifying singular masculine and neuter gender
noun decline different ways depending on the ending of the stem and stress of
the adjectives:
Аdjective with stem ending in hard consonant.
Аdjective qualifying singular masculine and neuter gender
noun with stem ending in hard consonant declines as follows:
новый / новое
в/на/о новом ...
new in/on/at/
about …
Это новый институт.
This is a new institute.
Сунил
учится в новом
институте.
Sunil is studying in the
new institute.
Это новое общежитие.
This is a new hostel.
Максим
живёт в новом
общежитии.
Maxim is staying in the new
hostel.
Аadjective with stem ending in soft consonant.
Аadjective qualifying singular masculine and neuter gender
noun with stem ending in soft consonant declines as follows:
древний в/на/о древнем ... ?
ancient
in/on/at/ about ancient…?
Это древнее здание
This is an ancient building.
Музей
находится
в древнем здании.
The museum is situated in the
ancient building.
Adjectives whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by unstressed ending.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by unstressed ending
decline as follows:
good
in/on/at/ about good ... .
Это хороший стадион.
This is a good stadium.
Мы
мечтаем о хорошем
стадионе.
We dream about a good stadium.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending
decline as follows:
большой/большое - в/на/о
большом...
big - in/on/at/ about big
Это большой стадион.
This is a big stadium.
Утром на этом большом
стадионе
гуляет много
людей.
Many people have a stroll in this
big stadium in the
morning.
Adjectives
with stem ending in
г, к, х.
Adjectives with stem ending in
г, к, х qualifying singular masculine
and neuter noun decline as follows:
тихий/ тихое в/на/о тихом
...
silent in/on/at/ about silent …
Щам - тихий ребёнок.
Shyam is a quiet child.
Учитель
говорит о тихом
ребёнке.
The teacher is talking about the
quiet child.
Question words: какой/какое.
The
interrogative words
какой/какое
used to put question to adjective qualifying
singular masculine and neuter gender nouns decline as follows:
какой/какое - в/на/о каком ... ?
which or what sort of -
in/on/at/about which or what sort of …?
Какой это институт?
Which institute is that?
В каком
институте
учится Сунил?
Which institute Sunil is studying in?
Какое это здание?
Which building is that?
В
каком здании
находится музей?
Which building the museum
is situated in?
Adjectives
qualifying singular
feminine gender noun.
Аdjectives qualifying singular feminine noun decline
different ways depending on the ending of the stem and stress of the
adjectives:
Adjective with stem ending in hard
consonant.
Аdjective qualifying singular feminine gender noun with stem ending in hard consonant declines as
follows:
новая
в/на/о новой ...
new in/on/at/
about …
Это новая машина.
This is a new institute.
Арун
думает о новой
машине.
Sunil is studying in the new institute.
Adjective
qualifying singular feminine noun with soft stem ending.
Аdjective qualifying singular feminine noun with stem ending in soft consonant declines as
follows:
древняя в/на/о
древней ...
ancient in/on/at/ about ancient…
Это древняя деревня.
This is an ancient village.
Амит
живёт в древней деревне.
Amit is living in an
ancient village.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by unstressed ending.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by unstressed ending
qualifying singular feminine noun decline as follows:
хорошая
в/на/о хорошей ...
good
in/on/at/
about good ... .
Это хорошая
поэма.
This is a good poem.
Учитель
объясняет
об этой
хорошей поэме.
The teacher is explaining about
this good poem.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending.
Adjectives
whose stem ends in ж, ш, ч, щ followed by stressed ending
qualifying singular feminine noun decline as follows:
большая - в/на/о
большой...
big - in/on/at/ about
big
Это большая больница.
This is a
big hospital..
В этой большой
больнице
работает мой
дядя.
My
uncle is working in this
big hospital.
Adjectives
with stem ending in
г, к, х.
Adjectives with stem ending in
г, к, х qualifying singular feminine
noun decline as follows:
тихая в/на/о тихой
...
silent
in/on/at/
about silent …
Это тихая деревня.
This is a silent village.
Этот
поэт живёт
в этой тихой
деревне.
This poet is living in this
silent village.
The
question words: какая.
The
interrogative word
какая used to put
question to adjective qualifying singular feminine noun declines as follows:
какая
-
в/на/о какой
which/what sort of -
in/on/about which/what sort of
О какой
машине думает Арун?
Which car Arun is thinking about?
Adjectives qualifying plural nouns
Аdjectives with -ые and -ие ending qualifying plural
noun decline decline as follows:
новые в/на/о
новых ...
new in/on/at/
about …
Это новые институты.
These are new institutes.
Это
статья о новых
институтах.
This article is about new
institutes.
древние в/на/о древних ...
ancient in/on/at/ about
ancient…
Это древние здания
These are ancient buildings.
Разные
музеи
находятся
в древних
зданиях.
Various museums are situated in
ancient buildings.
Question word: какие.
The
interrogative word
какие used to put
question to adjective qualifying plural noun of all the genbders declines as
follows:
какие - в/на/о каких ... ?
which/what sort of -
in/on/at/about which/what sort of …?
О каких
институтах
пишется в
этой статье.
Which institutes are written in
this article about?
Pronoun весь , вся,
всё and все.
Prepositional Case
Declension
Demonstrative Pronouns: весь/всё
The pronouns весь/всё qualifying
singular masculine/neuter nouns decline as follows:
весь/всё – всем
весь/всё – в/на/о всем …
whole – in/on/about the whole …
Весь институт тут.
The whole institute is here.
Только
один
инотранный
студент во всем
институте.
There is only one foreign student in the whole
institute.
Всё общежитие там.
The whole hostel is there.
Только
один
инотранный
студент во всём
общежитии.
There is only one foreign student in the whole
hostel.
Demonstrative Pronoun: вся
The pronouns вся qualifying
singular feminine noun declines as follows:
вся –
всей
вся – в/на/о всей …
whole – in/on/about the whole …
Вся школа на экскурсии.
The whole school is on excursion.
Только
один
инотранный
студент во всей
школе.
There is only one foreign student in the
whole school.
Demonstrative Pronoun: всe.
The pronouns всe qualifying plural
noun
of all the genders declines as follows:
все –
всех
все – в/на/о всех …
all – in/on/about
the all …
Все институты в этом
регионе закрыты
сегодня.
All institutes in this region are closed today.
Во
всех институтах
в этом
регионе есть
телефон-автомат.