Pronominal adverbs
Pronominal adverbs do not name any modifiers or
attributes but merely refer to them. Pronominal adverbs fall into the same
groups as all other adverbs. They are divided into: interrogative, relative,
demonstrative, negative and indefinite.
Adverb of place
Interrogative Relative Adverbs.
где
...
where ... ?
куда
... where to ...?
откуда
...
where from ...?
Demonstrative
Adverbs
там
there
(place)
туда
there
(direction)
оттуда
from there
здесь
here
(place)
тут
here
(place)
сюда
here
(direction)
отсюда
from here
Negative Adverbs
нигде
nowhere (place)
никуда
nowhere (direction)
ниоткуда
from
nowhere
негде
nowhere (place)
некуда
nowhere (direction)
неоткуда
from nowhere
Indefinite
Adverbs
где-то
somewhere (place)
куда-то
somewhere (direction)
откуда-то
from somewhere
где-нибудь
somewhere (place)
куда-нибудь
somewhere (direction)
откуда-нибудь
from
somewhere
кое-где
here and there
Adverbs of time
Interrogative Relative Adverbs.
когда
when
Demonstrative
Adverbs
тогда
then
Negative Adverbs
никогда
never
некогда (one has)
no time
(there
is)
no time
Indefinite
Adverbs
когда-то
once (upon a time),
некогда
at one time
когда-нибудь
some day
когда-либо
some day
Adverbs of manner
Interrogative Relative Adverbs.
как
hоw
Demonstrative
Adverbs
так
so
Negative Adverbs
никак
in no
waу
Indefinite
Adverbs
как-то
somehow
как-нибудь
somehow
как-либо
somehow
кое-как
anyhow
Adverbs of measure of degree
Interrogative Relative Adverbs.
сколько
how many /much;
насколько
how much
Demonstrative Adverbs
столько so much/many;
настолько so much
Negative Adverbs
нисколько not at all,
Indefinite Adverbs
несколько somewhat, a little, rather
Adverbs of cause
Interrogative
Relative Adverbs
почему why
Demonstrative
Adverbs
потому
therefore
Indefinite
Adverbs
почему-то
for some reason;
почему-нибудь
for tome reason
Adverbs of purpose
Interrogative Relative Adverbs
зачем what for
Interrogative Relative Adverbs
затем for some reason
Negative Adverbs
незачем (there is) no need
Indefinite
Adverbs
зачем-то
for some reason
зачем-нмбудь for some reason or other
зачем-либо
for some reason or other
Pronominal Adverbs - Relative and
Demonstrative Adverbs
Relative pronominal
adverbs:
Relative pronominal
adverbs are used as conjunctive words in complex sentences.
где
where
куда
where to
откуда
from where
когда
when
как
how
сколько
how many/much
насколько
how much
почему
why,
зачём
why
Я не
знаю, где
Сона живёт.
I do not know where Sona
lives.
Мне
известно,
куда он
пошёл.
I know where he went.
Мне
известно,
откуда он
приехал.
I know where he came from.
Мне
известно,
когда он
приехал.
I know when he came.
Demonstrative adverbs may be used as demonstrative
words in complex sentences.
Винот
был там, где
Арун
работает.
Vinod
was where Arun lives.
Винот
пойдёт туда,
где
Арун живёт.
Vinod
shall go where Arun lives.
Винот
уйдёт тогда,
когда Арун
вернётся.
Vinod
shall leave when Arun comes back.
Я
пришёл сюда
не за тем, чтобы
спорить с
вами.
I didn't come here to
argue with you.
Negative pronominal Adverbs.
нигде
nowhere
(place)
никуда
nowhere
(direction)
ниоткуда
from nowhere
никогда
never
никак
in no way
нисколько
not at all
Negative pronominal
adverbs with the particle
ни- are used in negative personal sentences. In
sentences which contain these adverbs the
verb
is invariably preceded by the negative particle
не-.
нигде
не
нашёл
did not find anywhere
никуда
не
ходил
did not go anywhere
никогда
не был
never
was
никак
не
мог
could not in any way
нисколько
не
устал
not tired at all
The particle
ни is never
stressed
Negative
pronominal adverbs with the particle
не-
негде
nowhere
(place)
некуда
nowhere
(direction)
неоткуда
from nowhere
незачем
(there is)
no
need
некогда
(one has)
no
time (there is)
no time
Negative
pronominal adverbs with the particle
не-
are used
in
impersonal sentences. In sentences which contain these adverbs
the verb invariably takes the infinitive without
the particle
не.
The noun or pronoun which denotes the person takes
the dative.
The stress invariably falls
on the particle
не: Adverbs with the particle
не show the impossibility of an action
owing to a lack of room, time or reason for it.
Мне
негде
расположиться.
There
is nowhere for me to settle
down.
Некуда
положить
вещи.
There
is no place to
put the things
in.
Некогда
пойти
в
кино.
There
is no time to go to movie.
Тебе
незачем
ехать в
дереню.
There
is no need for you to go
to the village.
Indefinite Pronominal Adverbs
Most indefinite adverbs are formed from interrogative
adverbs by means of the indefinite particles:
-то,
-нибудь
(-либо),
кое-(кой-).
где-то
somewhere (place)
где-нибудь
somewhere (direction)
куда-нибудь
somewhere (direction)
куда-либо
somewhere (direction)
когда-то
once (upon a time)
когда-нибудь
some day
кое-где
here and there
кое-как somehow etc.
The particles-mo and -нибудъ are used with adverbs in the same way as with pronouns. Adverbs with
the particle -mo are used when
speaking of the place, time, cause or purpose of an action which is either
unknown to the speaker or about which he has but a vague idea, but which may be
known to his interlocutors.
Книга лежит
где-то в
шкафу;
The book is somewhere
in the bookcase.
Почему-то он запаздывает.
Не
is
late
for
some
reason.
Она
зачем-то
открыла
дверь.
She opened the door
for some reason.
Adverbs with the particle -нибудь are used when speaking of the place, time, cause or purpose of an
action about which no one has a clear idea or towards which the speaker is
totally indifferent.
Положи вещи
куда-нибудь.
Put the things
somewhere
Если он почему-нибудь
опоздает, то мы не будем его ждать.
If he is late for
some reason or other we shall not wait for him.
Когда они
зачем-нибудь
открывала
дверь, в
комнату врывался
холодный
ветер.
When she opened the door for some reason or other a
cold wind burst into the room.
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